1. ḱleu-, ḱleu̯ə- : ḱlū-
to hear, listen
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. áśrot ‘hat gehört’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. śr̥ṇóti ‘hört’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. śuśrāva ‘hat gehört’{10a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. śrāváyati ‘läßt hören; bringt zum Hören’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aav. sraotū ‘soll hören’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aav. sruiiē Y. 33,7 ‘ist berühmt’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [jav. surunaoiti ‘hört’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | jav. sūsrūma ‘wir haben gehört’{10b} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | jav. srāuuaiieiti ‘läßt hören, rezitiert’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [arm. Med. lowaw ‘hörte’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?## arm. lsem ‘höre’{18} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. κλῦτε ‘hört!’, [ἔκλυον ‘hörte’{3}; ?gr. Präs. κλέομαι ‘werde berühmt’{3a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[gr. κλείω ‘rühme, preise, verkünde’{12} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. Fut. κλευσόμεθα· ἀκούσομεν Hsch. ‘wir werden hören’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[aksl. Präs. (+) slovǫ, (sluti) ‘gelten, heißen’{3b} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lat. clueō, -ēre ‘heißen, gelten als, berühmt sein’{5}; ?[südpiken. kduíú ‘werde genannt’{5a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lett. sluv, sluvêt ‘bekannt werden’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [air. ro-cluinethar ‘hört’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | air. ro-chúale ‘hörte’; [mkymr. cigleu ‘hörte’{11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [air. Konj. -cloathar ‘soll hören’{15} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [toch.B kalneṃ, A kälniñc ‘tönen’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[toch.A klawaṣ ‘verkündet’{13} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?## toch.B klyauṣa, A klyoṣä ‘hörte’ → Präsens/Konj. toch.B klyauṣäṃ, A klyoṣäṣ ‘hört’{16} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | alb. quhet ‘heißt, wird genannt’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. śróṣan ‘sie gehorchen’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?aav. səraošānē Y. 50,4 ‘will gehorchen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?messap. klaohi ‘höre!’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lit. kláusiu, (kláusti) ‘fragen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lett. klusu, (klusêt) ‘still sein’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lit. klųsù, (klùsti) ‘gehorchen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[toch. Präs./Konj. B klyauṣäṃ, A klyoṣäṣ ‘hört/wird hören’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[toch.B klyauṣa, A klyoṣ- ‘hörte’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. slyša ‘hörte’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. slyšǫ, (slyšati) ‘hören’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[mkymr. clyw-, bret. klev- ‘hören’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [ahd. (h)losēn ‘zuhören, horchen’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English | umlaut | change of vowel sound | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | ablaut | systematic vowel variation in same/related root/affix | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | Loudwater | a.k.a. Bruinen River in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
| English | Clio | Muse of history/heroic poetry (Greek mythology) | prop.n | LRC |
| English | Damocles | excessively flattering courtier featured in anecdote by Cicero | prop.n | LRC |
| English | Hercules | hero noted for exceptional strength (Greek mythology) | prop.n | LRC |
| English | list | to hear, listen (to) | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | listen | to hear, give ear to | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | loud | marked by high sound volume/intensity | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | sarod | many-stringed lute played with plectrum | n | AHD LRC |
| English | Slav | ethnonym of Indo-European in Eastern Europe | prop.n | TLL LRC |
| English | slave | bondman, one held in servitude as chattel | n | W7 LRC |
| English | Slavic | re: Slavs or their language | n.prop | TLL LRC |
| English | Wenceslas | duke/patron saint of Bohemia | prop.n | AHD LRC |
| Old English | hlēoðor | song, sound | n.neut | LRC |
| Old English | hlūd | loud, noisy | adj | RPN LRC |
| Old English | hlysnan | to listen | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old English | hlyst | hearing | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
| Old English | hlystan | to list | vb.wk | RPN ASD LRC |
| Middle English | listen | to list | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | listnen | to listen | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | loud | loud | adj | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | sclave | slave | n | W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German | Umlaut | umlaut | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| German | Ablaut | ablaut | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Old High German | hlioda | sound | n | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | hlūt | loud | adj | W7 LRC |
| German | laut | loud | adj | W7 LRC |
| German | Wenzel | Wenceslas | prop.n | AHD LRC |
| Old Frisian | hlūd | loud | adj | ASD LRC |
| Old Saxon | hlūd | loud | adj | ASD LRC |
| Old Saxon | hlust | hearing | n | ASD LRC |
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish | cloth | fame | n | RPN LRC |
| Old Irish | clú | fame, renown | n | RPN LRC |
| Old Irish | clúas | ear | n | RPN LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | hljóð | silence, hearing | n.neut | LRC |
| Old Norse | hljóðr | silent, quiet | adj | LRC |
| Old Icelandic | hler | listening | n | RPN LRC |
| Old Icelandic | hlust | ear | n | RPN LRC |
| Old Icelandic | hlyða | to listen | vb | RPN LRC |
| Icelandic | hljōð | sound | n | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | hljōðan | sound, tune | n | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | hlust | ear | n | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | hlusta | to listen | vb | ASD LRC |
| Danish | lyd | sound | n | ASD LRC |
| Swedish | ljud | sound | n | ASD LRC |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic | hliuma | hearing | n | RPN LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | Clio | Clio | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | clueo, cluēre | to be called/named | vb | RPN LRC |
| Latin | cluō, cluāre | to be called, be famous | vb | RPN LRC |
| Latin | Damocles | Damocles | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Latin | Hercules | Hercules, Heracles | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Latin | inclutus | famous | adj | W7 LRC |
| Middle Latin | Sclavus | Slav | prop.n | W7 LRC |
| Middle Latin | sclavus | slave | n | W7 LRC |
| Spanish | esclavo | slave | n | TLL LRC |
| Old French | esclave | slave | n | W7 LRC |
| French | esclave | slave | n | TLL LRC |
| Balto-Slavic | ||||
| Old Prussian | klausīton | to hear | vb | RPN LRC |
| Lithuanian | klausaũ, klausýti | to listen | vb | RPN LRC |
| Latvian | izklausīt, izklausu, izklausīju | to ask, inquire | vb | LRC |
| Latvian | klàusît | to listen | vb | RPN LRC |
| Russian | slúšat' | to listen | vb | RPN LRC |
| Slovenian | slúšati | to listen | vb | RPN LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | slava | fame, glory | n.fem | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | slaviti, slavl'jǫ, slaviši | to glorify | vb | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | slovo | word | n.neut | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | slovǫ, sluti | to be renowned | vb | RPN LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | sluxъ | hearing, fame, rumor | n.masc | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | slyšati, slyšajǫ, slyšaješi | to hear | vb | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | slyšati, slyšǫ, slyšiši | to hear | vb | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek | ἀκλεός | without fame | adj | LRC |
| Greek | Damoklēs | Damocles | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Greek | Hēraklēs | Hercules | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Greek | Kleiō | Clio | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Greek | κλέος | report; fame, glory | n | RPN LRC |
| Greek | κλέω | to celebrate, make famous | vb | RPN LRC |
| Greek | κλυτός | heard | vb.past.pass.ptc | RPN LRC |
| Greek | klytos | famous | adj | W7 LRC |
| Greek | κλύω | to hear | vb | RPN LRC |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian | luṙ | silent | adj | LRC |
| Classical Armenian | lur | hearing; news, report; voice | n | LRC |
| Classical Armenian | lsem | to hear, listen | vb | LRC |
| Armenian | lu | heard; news, fame | vb.past.ptc | RPN LRC |
| Indo-Iranian | ||||
| Avestan | surunaoiti | to hear | vb | RPN LRC |
| Sanskrit | śṛṇóti | to hear | vb | RPN LRC |
| Sanskrit | śrávas- | praise, fame, glory | n | RPN LRC |
| Sanskrit | śrutá-ḥ | heard | vb.past.pass.ptc | RPN LRC |
| Sanskrit | śroṣati | to hear | vb | W7 LRC |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian B | kälywe | reputation, renown | n | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian B | klautso | ear | n | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian B | klāw- | to be called/named | vb | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian B | klāwi | fame | n | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian B | klyauṣ- | to listen, hear | vb | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian A | klāw- | to be called/named | vb | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian A | klots | ear | n | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian A | klyoṣ- | to listen, hear | vb | RPN LRC |
| Tocharian A | klyw- | reputation, renown | n | RPN LRC |