kēl-, kōl-, kəl-
to deceive, dumbfound, enthrall
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [gr. κηλέω ‘bezaubere, betöre’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lat. caluor, calui ‘mit Ränke hintergehen, täuschen’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | an. hǿla ‘rühmen, preisen’, ae. hǣlan, hēlan ‘verleumden’, ahd. huolen ‘betrügen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English | hōl | slander, calumny, vain/evil speech | n.neut | W7 ASD LRC |
| Old English | hōlian | to slander, calumniate, speak evil of | vb | ASD LRC |
| Middle English | chalengen | to accuse, challenge | vb | W7 LRC |
| English | calumniate | to slander, accuse falsely | vb | W7 LRC |
| English | calumny | malicious uttering of misrepresentations/false charges | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | cavil | to raise trivial/frivolous objection | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | challenge | to require, demand as right | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic | hōl | boasting, flattery | n | ASD LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | calumnia | calumny | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | calumnior, calumniari | to calumniate | vb.dep | W7 LRC |
| Latin | calvor, calvī | to deceive | vb.dep | W7 LRC |
| Latin | cavilla | raillery | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | cavillor, cavillari | to jest, cavil | vb.dep | W7 LRC |
| Old French | chalengier | to calumniate | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | calomnie | calumny | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek | kēlein | to beguile | vb | W7 LRC |