2. ǵen-, ǵenə-, ǵnē-, ǵnō-

to ken, know, recognize

Reflexes - Liv

LanguageReflex(es)GlossGrammarSources
NYI
NYIved. jñeyā́s RV 2,10,6 ‘möchtest du kennenlernen!’{1}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. (JB) ajñāsam ‘habe erkannt’, (AV+) ajñāsthās ‘hast erkannt’{3c}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[ved. jānā́ti ‘kennt, erkennt, weiß’{4}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. prajajñivā́mँs- ‘Bescheid wissend’{15a}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIgr. ἔγνων ‘erkannte’NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[gr. γιγνώσκω ‘erkenne’{13}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[arm. caneaw ‘erkannte’{2}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIarm. čanačʽem ‘ich erkenne’{12}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[lat. (g)nōuī ‘erkannte; habe erkannt, weiß’{3}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[lat. (g)nōscō, -ere ‘erkennen, kennen’{14}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[aksl. znachъ ‘kannte, wußte’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIaksl. znajǫ, (znati) ‘kennen, wissen’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIheth. ganess- ‘erkennen, herausfinden’{3b}NYI..LIV TOL
NYItoch.A kñasäṣt ‘hast erkannt’{3d}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[toch.A 2s knānat ‘erkennst’{10}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[jav. -zānəṇti ‘erkennen’{5}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[ap. Konj. xšnāsātiy ‘soll erkennen’{11}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[air. ad-gnin ‘kennt’{6}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[air. ad:gān ‘erkannte’; kymr. adwaen{16}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[got. (+) kunnan ‘kennen’{9}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[an. kná ‘kann, vermag’{17}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[lit. žinaũ, žinóti ‘kennen, wissen’{7}, [lett. 1p zinim, 2p zinit{8}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIalb. njoh ‘ich kenne’{15}NYI..LIV TOL

Reflexes - Pokorny

LanguageReflex(es)GlossGrammarSources
Celtic
Old Irishad-gninimto know, recognizevbLRC
Old Irishgnāthknownvb.ptcGED LRC
English
Old Englishcanknow(s)vb.1W7 LRC
Old Englishcēne, cȳnekeen, bold, braveadjOED ASD LRC
Old Englishcennanto ken, make knownvbW7 LRC
Old Englishcnāwan, cnēow, cnēowon, cnāwento know, recognize, understandvb.strGED RPN LRC
Old Englishcunnanto know, be able (to)vbGED LRC
Old Englishcūþknown, familiaradjGED LRC
Old Englishcȳðanto make knownvb.wkGED LRC
Old Englishoncnāwan, oncnēow, oncnēowon, oncnāwento know, recognize, acknowledgevb.strAHD ASD LRC
Old Englishuncūþstrange, uncouth, uncertainadjGED ASD LRC
Middle Englishaknouento know, recognizevbAHD LRC
Middle Englishaquaintento acquaintvbW7 LRC
Middle Englishcancan, know(s)vb.1W7 LRC
Middle EnglishcogniciouncognitionnW7 LRC
Middle EnglishcointequaintadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishconisauncecognizancenW7 LRC
Middle Englishconnento know, learn, studyvbW7 LRC
Middle Englishcunnento knowvbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishcunningcunningadjW7 LRC
Middle Englishkenekeen, braveadjW7 LRC
Middle Englishkennento kenvbW7 LRC
Middle Englishknowento knowvbW7 LRC
Middle Englishknowlechento acknowledgevbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishknowlegeknowledgenW7 LRC
Middle EnglishnoblenobleadjW7 LRC
Middle Englishnotento notevbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishnoticenoticenW7 LRC
Middle EnglishphisonomiephysiognomynW7 LRC
Middle EnglishprothonotarieprothonotarynW7 LRC
Middle EnglishuncouthuncouthadjW7 LRC
Englishabnormaldeviating from norm/averageadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishacknowledgeto own/admit knowledge ofvb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishacquaintto cause to know personallyvb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishagnosiainability to recognizenAHD LRC
Englishannotateto make/furnish critical/explanatory notes/commentvbAHD W7 LRC
Englishcanto know, understand, be ablevb.modAHD W7 LRC
Englishcognitionknowing, including awareness/judgmentnAHD W7 LRC
Englishcognizancedistinguishing mark/emblemnAHD W7 LRC
Englishconto peruse, study/examine closelyvb.transAHD W7 LRC
EnglishconnoisseurexpertnAHD W7 LRC
Englishconnoteto suggestvb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishcouthrefined, polished, sophisticatedadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishcouthrefinement, sophisticationnAHD LRC
Englishcunningexhibiting skilladjAHD W7 LRC
Englishdiagnosisact/art of identifying disease from signs/symptomsnAHD W7 LRC
Englishenormousabnormal, inordinateadjAHD W7 LRC
EnglishGnomeDeep (wise) Elf in early editions of Tolkien: The Hobbitprop.nLRC
Englishgnomemaxim, aphorismnAHD W7 LRC
Englishgnomonobject serving as indicator by position/length of shadownAHD W7 LRC
Englishgnosisknowledge of spiritual truth attainable through faithnAHD W7 LRC
EnglishGnosticadherent of Gnosticism (belief that salvation comes through knowledge)prop.nLRC
Englishignorantnot knowing, lacking knowledge/educationadjAHD LRC
Englishignoreto refuse to noticevb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishincognitowith concealed identityadvAHD W7 LRC
Englishkeenwise, clever; sharp, cuttingadjOED W7 LRC
Englishkento see, know, perceivevbAHD W7 LRC
Englishkenningmetaphorical phrase used in poetrynAHD W7 LRC
Englishknow, knew, knownto perceive directlyvb.strAHD W7 LRC
EnglishknowledgecognizancenAHD W7 LRC
Englishnarrateto relate, recite detailsvb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishnobleillustrious, possessing outstanding qualitiesadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishnormmodel, authoritative standardnAHD W7 LRC
EnglishnormalperpendicularadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishnotesong, melodynAHD W7 LRC
Englishnoteto notice/observe with carevb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishnoticeannouncement, warning/intimation of somethingnAHD W7 LRC
Englishnotioninclusive general conceptnAHD W7 LRC
Englishnotoriousgenerally known/talked ofadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishpathognomonicdistinctively characteristic of particular diseaseadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishphysiognomyart of discovering character/temperament from outward appearancenAHD W7 LRC
Englishprognosisprospect of recovery anticipated from usual disease course/peculiarities of casenAHD W7 LRC
Englishprothonotarychief clerk of court of lawnAHD W7 LRC
Englishquaintskilled, expertadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishrecognizeto perceive as something previously knownvb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishreconnaissancepreliminary surveynAHD W7 LRC
Englishreconnoiterto make preliminary surveyvbAHD W7 LRC
Englishuncouthrare, uncommon, unknown/unfamiliaradjAHD W7 LRC
British Englishrecogniseto recognizevb.transLRC
West Germanic
Old Frisiankēthato make knownvb.wkGED LRC
Old Frisiankunnato ken, be able (to)vbGED LRC
Old Frisiankuth, ku(n)dknownadjASD LRC
Dutchkancanvb.1TLL LRC
Dutchkennento kenvbASD LRC
Dutchkoenkeen, boldadjASD LRC
Dutchkonknew, was ablevb.pret.1TLL LRC
DutchkondknownadjASD LRC
Dutchkunnento be ablevbTLL LRC
Old Saxoncūðeanto make knownvb.wkGED LRC
Old SaxonkūðknownadjGED LRC
Old Saxonkunnanto know, be able (to)vbGED LRC
Old Low Germankundanto make knownvb.wkGED LRC
Old High Germanbichnāanto recognizevbW7 LRC
Old High Germanchnāanto ken, knowvbGED LRC
Old High GermanchundknownadjGED LRC
Old High Germancnuodelento indicate recognitionvbGED LRC
Old High Germankancan, am/is able; ken(s), know(s)vb.1W7 LRC
Old High Germanknājanto ken, knowvbASD LRC
Old High Germankōn(i), kuon(i)keen, boldadjASD LRC
Old High Germankundknownvb.ptcW7 LRC
Old High Germankunden, kund(j)anto make knownvb.wkGED ASD LRC
Old High Germankunnanto know, be able (to)vbGED LRC
Old High Germankunnēnto know how, be ablevbRPN LRC
Old High Germanun-kundstrange, unknownadjASD LRC
Middle High Germankennento kenvbASD LRC
Middle High Germanküene, kuonkeen, boldadjASD LRC
Middle High Germankündento make knownvbASD LRC
Middle High Germankunnento know, be able (to)vbASD LRC
Middle High GermankuntknownadjASD LRC
Germankanncan, am/is able; know(s)vb.1TLL LRC
Germankennento kenvbASD LRC
Germankönnento know how, be able (to)vbASD LRC
Germankühnkeen, boldadjASD LRC
GermankundknownadjASD LRC
Germankündento make knownvbASD LRC
North Germanic
Old Norsekennato ken, recognizevbW7 LRC
Old Norsekenningmetaphorical word/phrase (Norse poetry)nW7 LRC
Old Norseknāto know how, be ablevbCGo LRC
Old Norseknārbrave, capableadjCGo LRC
Old Norsekunnato know, be able (to)vbASD LRC
Old Icelandickunnato know, understandvbGED RPN LRC
Old Icelandickunnr, kūþrknownadjGED LRC
Old Icelandicū-kūðrunknownadjGED LRC
Icelandickennato ken, teachvbASD LRC
Icelandicknāto knowvbASD LRC
Icelandickunnr, kuðrknownadjASD LRC
Icelandickynnato make knownvbASD LRC
Icelandicū-kunnrunknownadjASD LRC
Danishkancan, am/is ablevb.1TLL LRC
Danishkunneto be ablevbTLL LRC
Danishkyndeto make knownvbASD LRC
Swedishkancan, am/is ablevb.1TLL LRC
Swedishkunnato make knownvbASD LRC
East Germanic
Gothic*fra-kunþsdespisedadjGED LRC
Gothicga-kunnanto subject (someone)vbGED LRC
Gothickannjanto make knownvbRPN LRC
Gothickunnanto knowvb.ptpr.IIIGED LRC
Gothickunþiknowledgen.str.neutLRC
Gothickunþjanto make knownvbASD LRC
Gothickunþsknown; acquaintanceadjLRC
Gothicswi-kunþsmanifestadjGED LRC
Gothicuf-kunnanto recognize, experiencevbGED LRC
Gothicun-kunþsstrange, unknownadjGED LRC
Crimean GothicknauengoodadjCGo LRC
Italic
Latinannoto, annotare, annotavi, annotatusto observe, remark, annotatevbW7 LRC
Latincognatio, cognationiskindred, blood-relationsn.femLRC
Latincognitio, cognitionisacquaintance withn.femW7 LRC
Latincognomentum, cognomentisurnamen.neutLRC
Latincognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitusto know, become acquainted withvbW7 LRC
LatinenormishugeadjW7 LRC
LatingnarusknowingadjW7 LRC
Latingnomonjudgement, opinion, beliefn.neutW7 LRC
Latin(g)nosco, (g)noscere, (g)nōvi, (g)nōtumto know, recognize, become acquainted withvbLRC
Latinignarusignorant, unknownadjW7 LRC
Latinīgnōrō, īgnōrāre, īgnōrāvi, īgnōrātumto ignore, be unknownvbLRC
Latinignotus, ignota, ignotumunknownadjLRC
LatinincognitusunknownadjW7 LRC
Latinnarro, narrare, narravi, narratusto narrate, tell a storyvbW7 LRC
Latinnobilis, nobilis, nobilefamous, nobleadjLRC
Latinnobilitas, nobilitatisrenownn.femLRC
Latinnormarule, carpenter's squaren.femW7 LRC
Latinnormalisaccording to the measureadjW7 LRC
Latinnotamark, noten.femW7 LRC
Latinnotariusnotary, secretaryn.mascW7 LRC
Latinnotio, notionisfaculty of knowing, thing knownn.femW7 LRC
Latinnotitia, notitiaeacquaintance, familiarity, carnal knowledgen.femLRC
Latinnoto, notareto mark, notevbW7 LRC
Latinrecognosco, recognoscereto recognizevbW7 LRC
Late LatinabnormisabnormaladjAHD LRC
Late Latinaccognosco, accognoscere, accognovi, accognitusto know perfectlyvbW7 LRC
Late LatingnosticusGnosticadjW7 LRC
Late LatinnormalisnormaladjW7 LRC
Late Latinnotoriuminformation, indictmentn.neutW7 LRC
Late LatinnotoriusknownadjW7 LRC
Late Latinphysiognomia, physiognomoniaphysiognomyn.femW7 LRC
Late Latinprognosisprognosis, evaluationn.femW7 LRC
Late Latinprotonotariuschief clerk of court of lawn.mascW7 LRC
Medieval Latinaccognito, accognitareto get acquaintedvbW7 LRC
Medieval Latinadcognito, adcognitareto acquaintvbAHD LRC
Medieval LatinanormalisabnormaladjW7 LRC
Medieval Latinconnoto, connotareto connotevbW7 LRC
Medieval Latinnotoriusknown, famousadjW7 LRC
New Latindiagnosisdiagnosisn.femW7 LRC
Old Frenchacointierto acquaintvbW7 LRC
Old Frenchcointeknown, familiar, niceadj.femW7 LRC
Old Frenchconnoisseorconnoisseurn.mascW7 LRC
Old Frenchconnoistre, conoistreto knowvbW7 LRC
Old Frenchconoissancecognizance, knowledgen.femW7 LRC
Old FrenchnoblenobleadjW7 LRC
Old Frenchnoterto notevbW7 LRC
Middle Frenchnoticeacquaintancen.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchphisonomiephysiognomyn.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchreconoissancerecognitionn.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchreconoistre, reconoiss-to recognizevbW7 LRC
FrenchanormalabnormaladjW7 LRC
Frenchconnaisseurconnoisseurn.mascW7 LRC
Frenchignorerto ignore, not knowvbW7 LRC
Frenchreconnaissancegratitude, explorationn.femW7 LRC
Frenchreconnaîtreto recognizevbW7 LRC
Italianincognitounknown (person)adjW7 LRC
Balto-Slavic
Old Prussianersinnatto recognizevbGED LRC
Old Prussianposinnatto recognizevbLRC
Lithuanianpa-žìntito recognizevbGED LRC
Lithuanianpa-žintìsacquaintancenGED LRC
Lithuanianžinóti, žìno, žinójoto knowvbLRC
Latvianzinâtto knowvbLRC
Russianznatьto knowvbLRC
Old Church Slavonicznamenьjesignn.neutLRC
Old Church Slavonicznajǫ, znatito knowvbGED RPN LRC
Paleo-Balkan
Albaniannjohto knowvbGED RPN LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greekἀγνοέωto fail to recognizevbLRC
Homeric GreekἀγνώςunknownadjLRC
Homeric Greekἄγνωστοςunrecognized, unrecognizableadjLRC
GreekagnōsiaignorancenAHD LRC
Greekgignōskeinto come to knowvbW7 LRC
Greekγι(γ)νώσκωto know, learnvbLRC
Greekgnōmēopinion, knowledgen.femW7 LRC
Greekgnōmonikosfit to judgeadjW7 LRC
Greekgnōmōninterpretern.mascW7 LRC
Greekγνῶσιςknowledgen.femLRC
Greekgnōstikosof knowledgeadjW7 LRC
Greekγνωτόςknown, perceivedvb.past.pass.ptcGED RPN LRC
Greekδιαγιγνώσκωto discern, distinguishvbLRC
Greekdiagnōsisdiagnosisn.femW7 LRC
GreekἔγνωνI understandvb.aorRPN LRC
Greekpathognōmonikosdistinctively characteristic of a particular diseaseadjW7 LRC
Greekprogignōskeinto know beforevbW7 LRC
Greekprognōsisforeknowledgen.femW7 LRC
Greekphysiognōmoniajudgement of character by featuresn.femW7 LRC
Greekphysiognōmōnjudging character by featuresadjW7 LRC
Armenian
Armenianan-canunknownadjGED RPN LRC
Armeniancaneayknew, recognizedvb.aorGED RPN LRC
Indo-Iranian
Old Persiana-dānāhe knewvb.pret.3.sgLRC
Avestanā-zaintišinformationnGED LRC
Avestanzan-to knowvbRPN LRC
Avestanzānāitito knowvbGED LRC
Khowarnoikto appear, become visiblevbRPN LRC
Sanskritjānā́tito know, recognize, have knowledgevbGED RPN LRC
Sanskritjñātáḥknown, perceived, acquaintedvb.ptcRPN LRC
Sanskritjñā-tí-ḥknowledgenRPN LRC
Sanskritjñātramcapability of recognizingnGED LRC
Sanskritjñāyantethey knowvb.3.plGED LRC
Tocharian
Tocharianknā-to know, recognizevbGED LRC
Tocharian Ba-knātsaunknownadjRPN LRC
Tocharian Aā-knatsunknown; ignorantadjRPN LRC
Tocharian Akña-to be acquainted withvbRPN LRC
Tocharian Aknān-to know, recognizevbRPN LRC