es-

is, to be

Reflexes - Liv

LanguageReflex(es)GlossGrammarSources
NYI
NYIheth. ēszi, asanzi ‘ist, sind’{2}; kluw. āsta ‘war’, hluw. asti ‘ist’, lyk. esi, hãti ‘ist, sind’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIpal. iska ‘sei!’{10}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. ásti, sánti ‘ist, sind’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. ā́sa ‘ist gewesen’{14}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIav. astī̆, həṇtī̆ ‘ist, sind’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIaav. ā̊ŋ́harə̄ ‘sind gewesen’{15}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIarm. em ‘bin’{3}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIgr. ἐστί, εἰσί ‘ist, sind’, myk. e-e-si /ehensi/ ‘sind’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIgr. ep. Ipf. ἔσκε ‘war wiederholt’{11}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIlat. est, [sunt ‘ist, sind’{4}; osk. umbr. sent ‘sind’NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[alat. escit ‘wird sein’{12}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIair. is, it; akymr. is, hint ‘ist, sind’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIgot. (+) ist, sind ‘ist, sind’{5}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIalit. esmì, ẽsti ‘bin, ist’; apr. est ‘ist’{6}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIaksl. (+) jesmь, [sǫtъ ‘bin, sind’{7}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIalb. jam ‘bin’{8}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[toch.B Ipf. 3s ṣai; A ṣeṣ ‘war’{9}NYI..LIV TOL
NYItoch.B starä, skentarä ‘ist, sind (Kopula)’{13}NYI..LIV TOL

Reflexes - Pokorny

LanguageReflex(es)GlossGrammarSources
English
Englishossiaor elseconjAHD LRC
Englishabessive(grammatical case) re: absenceadjAHD LRC
Englishabsentmissing, not present/attendingadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishadessive(grammatical case) re: adjacencyadjAHD LRC
Englisham, isto be, exist, becomevb.anom.1AHD W7 LRC
Englishbodhisattvabeing who refrains from entering nirvana to save othersnAHD W7 LRC
Englishentityexistence, beingnAHD W7 LRC
Englishessencepermanent as contrasted with accidental element of beingnAHD W7 LRC
Englishessive(grammatical case) re: temporary state/capacityadjAHD LRC
Englishinessivenot essiveadjAHD LRC
Englishinterestright/title/legal sharenAHD W7 LRC
EnglishParousiaSecond Coming of Christ (Christianity)prop.nLRC
Englishpresentnow existing/in progressadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishpresentto bring/introduce into someone's presencevbAHD W7 LRC
Englishproudfeeling/showing prideadjAHD W7 LRC
EnglishProudfoothobbit surname in Tolkien: The Lord of the Ringsprop.nLRC
Englishquintessencefifth, highest essence in ancient/medieval philosophynAHD W7 LRC
Englishrepresentto present, bring clearly beforevbAHD W7 LRC
Englishschizontsporozoan cell segmented by schizogonynAHD LRC
Englishsinoffense against GodnAHD W7 LRC
Englishsoothtrue; truthadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishsootheto prove/declare/verify truthvbAHD OED LRC
Englishsutteeact/custom of Hindu widow cremating herself on husband's funeral pyre to show devotionnAHD W7 LRC
Englishswastikasymbol/ornament: Greek cross with arm ends bent at same right anglenAHD W7 LRC
Englishyes(expressing assent/agreement)advAHD W7 LRC
Old Englisheom, (e)am, isam, isvb.anom.1AHD ASD LRC
Old Englishgēse, gese, gise, gyseyesadvW7 ASD LRC
Old Englishprūdproud, arrogantadjW7 ASD LRC
Old Englishsind(on)arevb.anom.plLRC
Old EnglishsōðsoothadjW7 LRC
Old Englishsōð-gi(e)dsooth, lit. true talen.neutASD LRC
Old Englishsōðianto soothevb.wkW7 ASD LRC
Old EnglishsynnsinnW7 LRC
Middle EnglishabsentabsentadjW7 LRC
Middle Englisham, isam, isvb.anom.1LRC
Middle EnglishessenceessencenW7 LRC
Middle Englishinteresse, interestinterestnW7 LRC
Middle EnglishpresentpresentadjW7 LRC
Middle Englishpresentento presentvbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishproudproudadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishquintessencequintessencenW7 LRC
Middle Englishrepresentento representvbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishsinnesinnW7 LRC
Middle EnglishsoothsoothnW7 LRC
Middle Englishsothento soothevbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishyesyesadvW7 LRC
Italic
Italianossiaor else, that isconjAHD LRC
Spanishserto bevb.anomTLL LRC
Spanishsomos, sois, sonarevb.anom.plTLL LRC
Spanishsoy, eres, esam, are, isvb.anom.sgTLL LRC
Old Frenchpresentpresent, attending, being thereadjW7 LRC
Old Frenchpresenterto show, present, introducevbW7 LRC
Old Frenchprod, prudproudadjW7 LRC
Old Frenchprougood, capable; advantageadjW7 LRC
Anglo-Frenchinteresseinterestn.mascW7 LRC
Middle FrenchabsentabsentadjW7 LRC
Middle Frenchessenceessencen.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchrepresenterto representvbW7 LRC
Frenchêtreto bevb.anomTLL LRC
Frenchsommes, êtes, sontarevb.anom.plTLL LRC
Frenchsuis, es, estam, are, isvb.anom.sgTLL LRC
Italianessereto bevb.anomTLL LRC
Italiansenzawithout, in the absence ofprepTLL LRC
Italiansiais, bevb.3.sg.subjAHD LRC
Italiansiamo, siete, sonoarevb.anom.plTLL LRC
Italiansono, sei, èam, are, isvb.anom.sgTLL LRC
Old Latinsiem, sies, sietmay bevb.anom.sg.optTLL LRC
Latinabsens, absentisabsentadjW7 LRC
Latinabsum, abesseto be absentvbW7 LRC
Latindesum, deesse, defuīto be lackingvbLRC
LatinensexistingadjW7 LRC
Latineram, eras, eratwas, werevb.anom.sg.impfTLL LRC
Latinero, eris, eritwill bevb.anom.sg.futTLL LRC
Latinesseto bevb.anom.infLRC
Latinessentiaessencen.femW7 LRC
Latinintersum, interesse, interfuīto concern, lie betweenvbLRC
Latinpraesens, praesentispresent, helping, attendingadjW7 LRC
Latinpraesento, praesentareto show, presentvbW7 LRC
Latinpraesum, praesse, praefuito be before, have charge of, preside overvbLRC
Latinprosum, prodesseto be advantageousvbW7 LRC
Latinrepraesento, repraesentareto representvbW7 LRC
Latinsum, es, estam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
Latinsumus, estis, suntarevb.anom.plLRC
Late Latinprodeadvantagen.neutW7 LRC
Medieval Latinentitasentity, wholen.femW7 LRC
Celtic
Old Irisham, at, isam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
West Germanic
Old Frisiansendefault, wrong, crime, misdeednASD LRC
Dutchzijbe!vb.anom.sg.impTLL LRC
Dutchzijnto bevb.anomTLL LRC
Dutchzijnarevb.anom.plTLL LRC
Dutchzijndbeingvb.anom.pres.ptcTLL LRC
Old SaxonsōðsoothadjASD LRC
Old Saxonsundiafault, wrong, crime, misdeednASD LRC
Old High GermansandtrueadjW7 LRC
Old High Germansīnto bevb.anomW7 LRC
Old High Germansuntasin, fault, crime, misdeednW7 ASD LRC
Germanistisvb.anom.3.sgLRC
Germanseibe! let bevb.anom.2TLL LRC
Germanseid(you) arevb.anom.2.plTLL LRC
Germanseiendbeingvb.anom.pres.ptcLRC
Germanseinto bevb.anomTLL LRC
Germansindarevb.anom.plLRC
North Germanic
Old Norseem, est, esam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
Old Norseesum, esuþ, esuarevb.anom.plLRC
Old Norsesandrsand; beach, shorenLRC
Icelandicsaðr, sannrsoothadjASD LRC
Icelandicsannato prove, make goodvbASD LRC
Icelandicsyndfault, wrong, crime, misdeednASD LRC
East Germanic
Gothicim, is, istam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
Gothicsijau, sijais, sijaimay bevb.anom.sg.optTLL LRC
Gothicsijum, sijuþ, sindarevb.anom.plLRC
Gothicsunjasoothn.str.femLRC
Balto-Slavic
Lithuanianesmì, esì, estìam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
Old Church Slavonicjes-, jesmь, jesito bevbLRC
Paleo-Balkan
Albanianjamto bevbIEW LRC
Hellenic
Greekἐξετάζωto inquirevbLRC
Greekἐξουσίαpowern.femLRC
GreekἐσθλόνgoodadjLRC
Greekεσμι, εἶ(ς), ἐστίam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
GreeketeostrueadjW7 LRC
Greekpareinaito be presentvbW7 LRC
GreekParousiaParousian.femW7 LRC
Greekparōn, parontospresentvb.pres.ptcW7 LRC
Anatolian
Hittiteesmeni, esteni, asanziarevb.anom.plLRC
Hittiteesmi, essi, esziam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
Armenian
Classical Armenianem, es, eam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
Indo-Iranian
Sanskritásmi, ási, ástiam, are, isvb.anom.sgLRC
Sanskritbodhisattvaone whose essence is enlightenmentnW7 LRC
Sanskritsatīwife who performs suttee, lit. good womannW7 LRC
Sanskritsattrue, goodadjW7 LRC
SanskritsattvabeingnW7 LRC
Sanskritsmá, sthá, sántiarevb.anom.plLRC
Sanskritsyā́m, syā́s, syā́tmay bevb.anom.sg.optTLL LRC
SanskritsvastiwelfarenW7 LRC
Sanskritsvastikaswatika, symbol in shape thereofnW7 LRC