3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī-
(demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)
Cross References - Pokorny
i̯āioi-no-, oi-u̯o-Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| East Germanic | ||||
| Crimean Gothic | *þiinita, thiin-ita | eleven (10 + 1) | nbr.card | GED LRC |
| Gothic | is | he, she, it | pers.pron | LRC |
| Gothic | ita | it | pron.3.sg | LRC |
| Gothic | jaind | yond, there | adv | ASD LRC |
| Gothic | ju | now, already | adv | GED LRC |
| Gothic | juþan | already | adv | GED LRC |
| Gothic | saei | (he) who, which | rel.pron | LRC |
| Gothic | þáu | then, in that case | adv | LRC |
| Gothic | ya(i) | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| Crimean Gothic | ies | he | pers.pron | CGo LRC |
| Crimean Gothic | ita | one (1) | nbr.card | CGo LRC |
| English | ||||
| Old English | begeondan, beiundan | beyond | adv | W7 ASD LRC |
| Old English | gēa | yea | adv | W7 LRC |
| Old English | gēo, gīo, gū | already | adv | GED LRC |
| Old English | geon | yon | adj | W7 LRC |
| Old English | geond | yond | adv | W7 LRC |
| Old English | geondan | beyond | adv | W7 LRC |
| Old English | gi(e)f, gyf, gib | if | conj | GED ASD LRC |
| Old English | gīet | yet | adv | W7 LRC |
| Old English | ilca | (the) same | adj | ASD LRC |
| Old English | nefne, næfne, nemne | except, unless, if not | conj | GED ASD LRC |
| Middle English | beyond | beyond | adv | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | -er | more/greater | adv.sfx | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | hither | yonder | adv | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | if | if | conj | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | ilk | ilk; same | n | AHD LRC |
| Middle English | item | item, in addition, also | adv | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | ya, ye | yea, yes | adv | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | yet | yet | adv | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | yon | yon, yonder | adj | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | yond | yonder | adv | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | yonder | yonder | adv | W7 LRC |
| English | beyond | farther, on/to far side | adv | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | ibidem | in the same place | adv | AHD LRC |
| English | -id | secondary allergic skin rash | sfx | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | id | source of organism's energy from which ego/libido are derived | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | id | secondary allergic skin rash | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | idem | same, previously mentioned | pron | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | identical | being the same | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | identify | to establish identity | vb | AHD LRC |
| English | identity | sameness of character in different instances | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | if | in the event that | conj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | ilk | type, kind | n | AHD LRC |
| English | item | also, in addition | adv | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | iterate | to repeat | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | reiterate | to do/say again/repeatedly | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | yea | yes | adv | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | yet | besides, in addition | adv | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | yon | yonder | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | yond | yonder | adv | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | yonder | at/in a more/less distant place | adv | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian | ie, ge | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| Old Frisian | ieta | yet | adv | W7 LRC |
| Old Frisian | jef, jof | if | conj | GED LRC |
| Frisian | ja | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| Dutch | ja | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| Dutch | of | or, either, whether | conj | TLL LRC |
| Dutch | ofschoon | although | conj | TLL LRC |
| Old Saxon | ef | if | conj | GED LRC |
| Old Saxon | giu, ju | already | adv | GED LRC |
| Old Saxon | jā | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | giu, ju | already | adv | GED LRC |
| Old High German | ienēr | that | dem.adj | W7 LRC |
| Old High German | jā | yes | adv | W7 LRC |
| Middle High German | jā | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| German | er | he, it | pron.3.sg.masc.nom | TLL LRC |
| German | es | her | pron.3.sg.neut.nom | TLL LRC |
| German | ihm | him | pron.3.sg.masc | TLL LRC |
| German | ihn | him | pron.3.sg.masc.acc | TLL LRC |
| German | Ihnen | you (polite) | pron.2.sg | TLL LRC |
| German | ihnen | them | pron.3.pl.dat | TLL LRC |
| German | ihr | their | pron.3.pl.gen | TLL LRC |
| German | ihr | her | pron.3.sg.fem.dat | TLL LRC |
| German | ihr | her | pron.3.sg.fem.gen | TLL LRC |
| German | ja | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| German | ob | if, whether | conj | TLL LRC |
| German | obgleich | although | conj | TLL LRC |
| German | obschon | although | conj | TLL LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | ef | if, lest, whether | conj | LRC |
| Old Norse | er | who, which; when | rel.pcl | LRC |
| Old Icelandic | ef, if | doubt | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
| Old Icelandic | efa | to doubt | vb.wk | GED LRC |
| Icelandic | jā | yea, yes | adv | ASD LRC |
| Danish | ja, jo | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| Swedish | ja, jo | yea | adv | ASD LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Oscan | eíseís | he | pron | RPN LRC |
| Umbrian | ere | he, it | pers.pron | RPN LRC |
| Umbrian | erek, eřek | he, it | pron | RPN LRC |
| Umbrian | erse | he, it | pron | RPN LRC |
| Latin | iam | already | adv | LRC |
| Latin | ibi | there, then | adv | LRC |
| Latin | ibīdem | ibidem | adv | AHD ELD LRC |
| Latin | -id | (patronymic) | n.sfx | W7 LRC |
| Latin | id | it | pron.neut | W7 LRC |
| Latin | idem | the same | pron | W7 LRC |
| Latin | ipse, ipsa, ipsum | self | inten.pron | LRC |
| Latin | is, ea, id | him, her, this | dem.pron | LRC |
| Latin | -is | (patronymic) | n.sfx.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | ita | thus | adv | LRC |
| Latin | itaque | and also | adv | LRC |
| Latin | item | also, the same way | adv | LRC |
| Latin | itero, iterare, iteravi, iteratus | to repeat, do again | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | iterum | again | adv | W7 LRC |
| Latin | reitero, reiterare, reiteravi, reiteratus | to repeat | vb | W7 LRC |
| Late Latin | identitas, identitatis | identity | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Medieval Latin | identicus | identical | adj | W7 LRC |
| French | -ide | likeness | sfx | W7 LRC |
| Balto-Slavic | ||||
| Lithuanian | jaũ | just, already | adv | GED LRC |
| Lithuanian | jéi | if | conj | GED LRC |
| Lithuanian | jìs, jì | he, she, it | pron | LRC |
| Lithuanian | õ | and, but | conj | LRC |
| Latvian | arvien | all the time, the whole time | adv | LRC |
| Latvian | ja | if | conj | GED LRC |
| Latvian | jàu | already | adv | GED LRC |
| Latvian | vienlīdzīgi | equally | adv | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | eterъ | one, a certain | adj | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | *i | he | dem.pron | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | i | and, even | adv | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | iže | who, which | rel.pron | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | inъ | this, this one here | dem.adj | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | kъde | when, where | int.adv | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | sьde | here | adv | LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | u(že) | already | adv | GED LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | ju(že) | already | adv | GED LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek | εἰ | if | conj | LRC |
| Greek | ἐκεῖ | there | adv | LRC |
| Greek | ἐκεῖνος | that | dem.pron | LRC |
| Greek | enē | of the day/year before | adj | W7 LRC |
| Greek | ἔνθα | then, there | adv | LRC |
| Greek | ἐπεάν | when, after | conj | LRC |
| Greek | ἐπεί | when, after | conj | LRC |
| Greek | ἐπειδή | after | conj | LRC |
| Greek | ἔπειτα | thereupon | adv | LRC |
| Greek | ἕως | until | conj | LRC |
| Greek | ἠδέ | and, also | conj | LRC |
| Greek | μιν | it | pron | LRC |
| Greek | οἶον | so to say | adv | LRC |
| Greek | οἶος | alone | adj | LRC |
| Greek | ὅς | this, that, he, she, it | pron.dem | LRC |
| Greek | ὡς | so, as, thus | adv | LRC |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian | ayn | that (over there); he, she, it | pron | LRC |
| Classical Armenian | ays | this, this right here | dem.adj | LRC |
| Classical Armenian | etʿe | that; if; or | conj | LRC |
| Indo-Iranian | ||||
| Avestan | aēša- | this | pron | RPN LRC |
| Sanskrit | itara | the other | n | W7 LRC |
| Sanskrit | iti | thus | conj | W7 LRC |
| Sanskrit | eṣá-ḥ | this | pron | RPN LRC |
| Sanskrit | yád | if | conj | GED LRC |