Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
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English |
English | Dukhobor | (member of) Russian Christian movement | prop.n | AHD LRC |
English | Barrow-downs | Shire area in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | deaf | lacking/deficient in sense of hearing | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Déagol | Smeagol's cousin in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | deer | ruminant mammal | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Déor | 7th Rohan king in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Déorwine | Rohan knight in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | dizzy | silly, foolish | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dock | sorrel, coarse weedy plant | n | AHD LRC |
English | dodder | flax silk | n | IEW LRC |
English | dodder | to shake, shiver, tremble, totter | vb | IEW LRC |
English | doldrums | spell of despondence/listlessness | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dolt | stupid fellow | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dove | type of pigeon | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | down | toward/in low physical position | adv | AHD W7 LRC |
English | down | soft fluffy feathers | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | down | hill, mountain | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dudeen | short clay tobacco pipe | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dull | stupid, mentally slow | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dumb | destitute of speech | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dummkopf | dolt, stupid person | n | AHD LRC |
English | dun | re: dull drab dark-gray/brown color | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Duncan | male given name | prop.n | AHD LRC |
English | dune | wind-piled sand hill/ridge | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Dúnharg, Dunharrow | Rohan refuge in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Dúnhere | lord of Harrowdale in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Dunland | hilly area in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | dusk | gloom, twilight | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dust | fine dry pulverized dirt particles | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | duvet | down-stuffed quilt/comforter | n | AHD CDC LRC |
English | duvetyn | smooth lustrous velvety fabric | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Dwalin | dwarf in Tolkien: The Hobbit | prop.n | LRC |
English | Dwaling | distant hobbit town in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | dwell, dwelt | to remain for a while | vb.wk.intrans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | dye | tint, color | n | W7 LRC |
English | dye | to impart new tint/color | vb | IEW LRC |
English | eiderdown | down of eider | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | enthymeme | syllogism in which one premise is implicit | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | etouffee | spiced Cajun stew similar to gumbo | n | AHD LRC |
English | euthanasia | painless putting to death | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Frogmorton | Shire village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | fuliginous | sooty | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | fumarole | volcanic hole from which hot gases/vapors issue | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | fumatorium | airtight fumigation chamber | n | AHD LRC |
English | fumatory | re: smoke/fumigation | adj | AHD LRC |
English | fume | gas, smoke, vapor | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | funeral | (re:) observances held for dead person | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | funky | having moldy/musty smell | adj | AHD LRC |
English | fuscous | re: brownish gray color | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Hobbiton | Shire village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Lake-town | a.k.a. Esgaroth in Tolkien: The Hobbit | prop.n | LRC |
English | obfuscate | to darken | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | perfume | sweet-smelling scent | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | reindeer | deer of northern Europe/Asia/America | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | sfumato | smoked, misty, indistinct | adj | AHD LRC |
English | steam | vapor rising from heated substance | n | W7 LRC |
English | stew | utensil used for boiling | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | stove | fixed/portable apparatus burning fuel to provide heat | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | subfusc | dull, dark, somber | adj | AHD LRC |
English | tansy | composite herb | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | thanatology | study of death/dying | n | AHD LRC |
English | Thanatos | god of peaceful/natural death (Greek mythology) | prop.n | LRC |
English | thion- | sulfur | pfx | AHD W7 LRC |
English | thuja | evergreen shrub/tree of pine family | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | thurible | censer | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | thurifer | one who carries censer in liturgical service | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | thyme | mint herb having small pungent aromatic leaves | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | -thymia | condition of mind/will | n.sfx | AHD W7 LRC |
English | town | hamlet, distinct cluster/aggregation of houses with place-name | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | typhlosole | longitudinal fold of intestinal wall | n | AHD LRC |
English | typhus | human febrile disease | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Wilderland | wilderness area in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | wilderness | uncultivated uninhabited tract/region of land | n | AHD W7 LRC |
Old English | adūn(e) | down, downward | adj | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | dēaf | deaf | adj | GED LRC |
Old English | dēafu | deafness | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Old English | dēag, dēah | dye | n.fem | IEW W7 LRC |
Old English | dēagan, dēog, dēogon, dēagen | to dye | vb.str | ASD LRC |
Old English | dēagian | to dye | vb.wk | IEW ASD LRC |
Old English | dēagol, dī(o)gol, dȳgol | secret, hidden, private | adj | IEW ASD LRC |
Old English | *dēan | vapor | n | GED LRC |
Old English | dēor, dīor | (brave as) deer, wild beast/animal | adj | ASD LRC |
Old English | dofian | to be insane | vb | GED LRC |
Old English | dol | foolish | adj | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | dox | dusk | adj | W7 LRC |
Old English | dūfe | dove | n | W7 LRC |
Old English | dūn | down, hill, mountain | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Old English | dūne | down, downwards | adv | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | dūn-land | hilly land, lit. down-land | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Old English | dun(n) | dun, dark brown | adj | W7 LRC |
Old English | dūst | dust | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Old English | dwalian, dwoli(g)an | to err, hinder, go astray | vb.wk | ASD LRC |
Old English | dwellan, dwe(o)ligan | to err, hinder, go astray | vb.wk | ASD LRC |
Old English | dysig | stupid | adj | W7 LRC |
Old English | stē(a)m, stīem | steam, hot breath/exhalation | n.masc | KEW ASD LRC |
Old English | tūn | town, village; yard, court, enclosure | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Old English | wild-dēoren | re: wild beasts | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | deef | deaf | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | deer | (rein)deer | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dehe | dye | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | disy | dizzy | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dosk | dusk | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | doun | hill | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dove | dove | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dul | dull | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dumb | dumb | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dun | dun | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dust | dust | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | dwellen | to dwell | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | fume | fume | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | funeral | funeral | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | reindere | reindeer | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | stem | steam | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | stove | stove | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | stu | stew | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | tanesey | tansy | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | thyme | thyme | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | town | town | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | turrible | thurible | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | wildern | wild | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | wilderness | wilderness | n | W7 LRC |
Celtic |
Old Irish | dé | smoke | n | LRC |
Old Irish | dumacha | fog | n | GED RPN LRC |
Old Irish | dūn | fortress | n | W7 LRC |
Irish | dunn | dun | adj | ASD LRC |
Irish | dūd | stump, pipe; ear, mouth | n.masc | W7 IED LRC |
Irish | dūidīn | short pipe; dram measure made of horn | n.masc | W7 IED LRC |
Gaelic | donn | dun, brown | adj | ASD LRC |
Cornish | din, dun | hill | n.fem | ASD LRC |
Welsh | dun, dwn | dusky, swarthy | adj | ASD LRC |
West Germanic |
Old Frisian | dāf | deaf, senseless, unfeeling | adj | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | diar, dier | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Old Frisian | dwela, dwila | to err | vb | ASD LRC |
Old Frisian | tūn | fence | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Frisian | dol | mad | adj | ASD LRC |
Frisian | dwæljen, dwyljen | to err | vb | ASD LRC |
Middle Dutch | doom | steam, vapor | n | GED LRC |
Dutch | dier | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Dutch | dof | dull, lusterless | adj | GED LRC |
Dutch | dok | dock | n | TLL LRC |
Dutch | dol | insane | adj | ASD LRC |
Dutch | doof | deaf | adj | ASD LRC |
Dutch | duif | dove | n | TLL LRC |
Dutch | duin | down, hill, mountain | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Dutch | dwālen | to err | vb | ASD LRC |
Dutch | stoom | steam | n | TLL LRC |
Dutch | tuin | fence; garden | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | dier | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | dol | foolish | adj | ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | dōmian | to steam | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | douf | deaf | adj | ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | dovōn | to be insane | vb | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | duelan | to err | vb | ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | dununga | raving | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Old Low German | tūn | wall | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Middle Low German | dōf | deaf, senseless, unfeeling | adj | GED LRC |
Middle Low German | stove | heated room, steam room | n | W7 LRC |
Old High German | dūn(a) | mountain | n | ASD LRC |
Old High German | stuba | steam room, heated room | n | W7 LRC |
Old High German | tior, tier | wild animal | n.neut | W7 ASD LRC |
Old High German | tobēn, tobōn | to rave | vb | GED LRC |
Old High German | tol | foolish | adj | ASD LRC |
Old High German | toub, toup, doup | deaf, senseless, unfeeling | adj | GED ASD LRC |
Old High German | tougal | dark, secret, hidden | adj | ASD LRC |
Old High German | toum | steam, vapor | n.str.masc | GED RPN LRC |
Old High German | toumen | to be fragrant | vb | W7 LRC |
Old High German | tūba | dove | n | W7 LRC |
Old High German | tumb | dumb, mute | adj | W7 LRC |
Old High German | tūmōn | to turn in a circle | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old High German | tump | dumb, deaf | adj | GED LRC |
Old High German | tusig | stupid | adj | W7 LRC |
Old High German | twellen | to dwell, tarry | vb | W7 LRC |
Old High German | zūn | wall, fence, hedge, enclosure | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
Middle High German | dol, tol | mad | adj | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | tier | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | tob, top | without understanding | adj | GED LRC |
Middle High German | touben | to stun, deafen | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Middle High German | toup | deaf | adj | ASD LRC |
German | Daune | down (feathers) | n.fem | W7 LRC |
German | Dock | dock | n | TLL LRC |
German | doof | dopey, silly | adj | LRC |
German | dumm | dumb, dull, slow, stupid | adj | LRC |
German | Dummkopf | dummkopf, blockhead, simpleton | n.masc | LRC |
German | Düne | down, hill, mountain | n.fem | ASD LRC |
German | Eiderdaune | eiderdown | n.fem | W7 LRC |
German | Stube | living room | n.fem | LRC |
German | taub | deaf | adj | ASD LRC |
German | Taube | dove | n | TLL LRC |
German | T(h)ier | animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
German | toll | mad | adj | ASD LRC |
German | Zaun | fence, hedge | n.masc | LRC |
North Germanic |
Old Norse | daufr | deaf | adj | LRC |
Old Norse | deyja | to die | vb | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | dul | reserve, folly; conceit | n.fem | LRC |
Old Norse | dulði, dylja | to remain unaware of; (mid.) deceive oneself | vb | LRC |
Old Norse | dúfa | dove | n | KNW LRC |
Old Norse | dūnn | down (feathers) | n | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | Dvalinn | Dvalin/Dwalin (Voluspa dwarf) | prop.n.masc | TPE LRC |
Old Norse | dvalinn | sleeper, hesitant/unconscious one | n.masc | LRC |
Old Norse | dýr | (wild) animal | n.neut | LRC |
Old Icelandic | daufr | deaf, lazy | adj | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | daunn | stench, bad smell | n | GED RPN LRC |
Old Icelandic | deyfa | to stun, deafen | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | deyfþ | deafness | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | dofinn | dull, spiritless | vb.past.ptc | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | dvala, dvalað | to dwell, delay, hesitate | vb | ICE LRC |
Old Icelandic | dȳja | to move, shake | vb.wk | GED RPN LRC |
Icelandic | daufr | deaf | adj | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | dulr | silent, close | adj | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | dūnn | down | n | W7 LRC |
Icelandic | dȳr | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | tun | homestead, enclosure | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Norwegian | tun | court, farmyard | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Danish | dok | dock | n | TLL LRC |
Danish | due | dove | n | TLL LRC |
Danish | dyr | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Danish | döv | deaf | adj | ASD LRC |
Swedish | djur | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Swedish | docka | dock | n | TLL LRC |
Swedish | duva | dove | n | TLL LRC |
Swedish | döf | deaf | adj | ASD LRC |
East Germanic |
Gothic | *daufs, daubs | deaf, stubborn | adj | GED ASD LRC |
Gothic | dauns | smell, scent, fragrance, sense of smell | n.fem | GED RPN LRC |
Gothic | dius | deer, wild animal | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Gothic | dumbs | dumb, deaf | adj | GED LRC |
Gothic | dwals | dull | adj | ASD LRC |
Gothic | hraiwa-dubō | turtle-dove | n | GED LRC |
Italic |
Latin | fimus, fimi | dung | n.masc | LRC |
Latin | fuligo, fuliginis | soot | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Latin | fumarium | smoke chamber for aging wine | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Latin | fūmō, fūmāre | to fume, reek, smoke | vb | W7 LRC |
Latin | fūmus | fume, smoke, steam | n.masc | GED RPN LRC |
Latin | funeralis | funeral | adj | W7 LRC |
Latin | funus, funeris | funeral | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Latin | furo, furere | to rage | vb | W7 LRC |
Latin | fuscus | dark brown | adj | W7 LRC |
Latin | subfuscus | subfusc, brownish | adj | AHD LRC |
Latin | suffiō, suffīre | to smoke, perfume, fumigate | vb | GED LRC |
Latin | thuribulum | censer | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Latin | thurifer | incense-burning | adj | W7 LRC |
Latin | thus | incense | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Latin | thymum | thyme | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Vulgar Latin | extufa | steam, smoke | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Vulgar Latin | extufo, extufāre | to stew | vb | W7 LRC |
Late Latin | fuliginosus | covered with soot | adj | W7 LRC |
Late Latin | fumariolum | smoke chamber for aging wine | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Late Latin | obfuscatus | made murky | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
Late Latin | obfusco, obfuscāre, obfuscāvī, obfuscātus | to make murky | vb | W7 LRC |
Medieval Latin | athanasia | immortality | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Medieval Latin | thuia | a cedar | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | Thuja | genus name | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | thurifer | one who carries a censer in a liturgical service | n.masc | W7 LRC |
New Latin | -thymia | -thymia; re: heart | sfx | W7 LRC |
New Latin | typhus | fever, disease | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Portuguese | fumo | fume | n | TLL LRC |
Spanish | dúnas | downs, hills, mountains | n.pl | ASD LRC |
Spanish | humo | fume | n | TLL LRC |
Old French | dum | down | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Old French | tanesie | tansy (plant genus) | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Middle French | duvet | down | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | estuve | stew | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Middle French | fum | smoke | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | perfum | perfume | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | thurible | censer | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | thym | thyme | n.masc | W7 LRC |
French | dune | dune | n.fem | W7 LRC |
French | duvet | down | n.masc | W7 LRC |
French | duvetine | duvet, cloth made with duvet | n.fem | W7 LRC |
French | fumée | fume | n | TLL LRC |
Cajun French | étouffée | etouffee | n | LRC |
Old Provençal | perfum | perfume | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Old Provençal | perfumar | to perfume | vb | W7 LRC |
Provençal | dauf | deaf | adj | GED LRC |
Italian | dúna | elevation of sand thrown up by the sea | n.fem | ASD LRC |
Italian | fumaròla | fumarole | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Italian | fumo | fume | n | TLL LRC |
Italian | sfumato | sfumato | adj | AHD LRC |
Balto-Slavic |
Old Prussian | dumis | smoke | n | GED RPN LRC |
Lithuanian | dujà | dust, spray, drizzle; [pl.] gas | n | GED RPN LRC |
Lithuanian | dujóti | to sprinkle | vb | GED LRC |
Lithuanian | dúmai | smoke | n.pl | GED RPN LRC |
Latvian | dũmals | dark-brown | adj | GED LRC |
Latvian | dūlāgs | smoke stick | n.masc | LRC |
Latvian | dūms | smoke | n.masc | LRC |
Old Russian | dymŭ | smoke | n | LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | dunǫti | to blow | vb | LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | dymъ | smoke | n | GED RPN LRC |
Paleo-Balkan |
Albanian | deh | to intoxicate | vb | GED LRC |
Albanian | dêj | to be intoxicated | vb | LRC |
Hellenic |
Greek | athanasia | immortality | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | ἀθάνατος | immortal | adj | LRC |
Greek | athanatos | immortal | adj | W7 LRC |
Greek | enthymeisthai | to keep in mind | vb | W7 LRC |
Greek | enthymēma | a thought | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Greek | euthanasia | easy death, favored death | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | Thanatos | Thanatos | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Greek | thanatos | death | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Greek | theion | divine | adj.neut | W7 LRC |
Greek | θνήσκω | to die | vb | LRC |
Greek | thyia | cedar tree | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | θυμιάω | to burn with smoke | vb | LRC |
Greek | θύμον, θύμος | thyme | n.neut | LRC |
Greek | θῡμός | soul, spirit; heart, mind; passion, courage | n.masc | LRC |
Greek | θῡ́νω | to rush, dart along | vb | RPN LRC |
Greek | θύος | incense, sacrifice | n | RPN LRC |
Greek | θύω | to sacrifice, make a burnt offering | vb | GED LRC |
Greek | τύφειν | to smoke, raise dust | vb | RPN LRC |
Greek | τυφλός | blind, unable to perceive | adj | GED LRC |
Greek | τῦφος | smoke, vapor; conceit, vanity | n.masc | GED LRC |
Anatolian |
Hittite | túh̯-h̯u-iš | smoke, vapor | n | RPN LRC |
Armenian |
Armenian | dedevim | to wave, sway | vb | LRC |
Indo-Iranian |
Avestan | dunman- | cloud | n | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | adhvanīt | it vanished | vb.pret | W7 LRC |
Sanskrit | dhū́ka-ḥ | wind | n | RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | dhūnóti | to shake, agitate | vb | GED RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | dhūpa-ḥ | incense | n | RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | dhūmá-ḥ | smoke, mist, vapor | n | RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | dhūli-ḥ | dust, powder, pollen | n | RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | dhvamsati | to perish | vb | W7 LRC |
Tocharian |
Tocharian B | tweye | dust, vapor | n | RPN LRC |
Tocharian A | twe(ye) | dust, vapor | n | GED RPN LRC |