3. der-, drā-, dreb-, drem-, dreu-
to run, trip, tread, tramp
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. drávati ‘läuft’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. drāváyati ‘läßt laufen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?ved. ádudrot ‘ist gelaufen’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (Br.) dudrāva ‘lief’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. Ipv. drā́tu ‘soll laufen’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. dadrur RV 1,62,11 ‘sind losgelaufen’; dadrāṇá- RV 10,55,5 ‘einherlaufend’{4a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?ved. Konj. drāsat ‘soll laufen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. att. ἀπ-έδρᾱν‘lief weg’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [gr. att. ἀπο-διδρᾱ́σκω ‘laufe weg’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. att. ἀπο-δρᾱ́σομαι ‘werde weglaufen’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [gr. ἔδραμον ‘lief’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. hom. ἀνα-δέδρομε ‘ragt auf’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | khot. dremäte ‘treibt weg’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (Kaṭhr̥) dandramyamāṇa- ‘umherlaufend’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English | tredan, træd, trǣdon, treden | to tread | vb.str | GED ASD LRC |
| Old English | treddan | to tread, trample | vb.wk | GED ASD LRC |
| Old English | treddian | to tread | vb.wk | GED LRC |
| Old English | tredel | step, sole | n.masc | GED ASD LRC |
| Old English | trem, trym | step | n.neut | GED LRC |
| Old English | treppan | to tread | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old English | treppe | trap | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Old English | trod(u) | track | n.neut | GED LRC |
| Middle English | dromedarie | dromedary | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | dromond | dromond | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | titeren | to totter, reel | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | trade | trade | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | trampen | to tramp | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | tramplen | to trample | vb.freq | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | trap | snare, pitfall | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | tredel | treadle, stairstep | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | treden | to tread | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | trippen | to trip | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | trot | trot | n | W7 LRC |
| English | anadromous | ascending rivers from sea for breeding | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | -drome | field, (race)course, arena | n.sfx | AHD LRC |
| English | dromedary | speedy camel, bred/trained for riding | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | dromond | large fast medieval galley/cutter | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | -dromous | running | adj.sfx | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | entrap | to catch (as if) in trap | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | loxodrome | rhumb line | n | AHD W2I LRC |
| English | palindrome | text spelled the same backward/forward | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | prodromal | precursory, marked by prodromes | adj | W7 LRC |
| English | prodrome | premonitory symptom of disease | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | teeter | to wobble, move unsteadily | vb.intrans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | trade | way, path traversed | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | tramp | to walk/tread/step (esp. heavily) | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | trample | to tramp repeatedly | vb | IEW LRC |
| English | trampoline | resilient canvas web/sheet held in frame by springs | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | trap | snare/device for taking game/other animals | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | trap | fine-grained igneous rocks (e.g. basalt/amygdaloid) | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | tread, trod, trodden | to step/walk on/over | vb.str | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | treadle | swiveling lever pressed by foot to drive machine | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | trip | to skip/dance/caper with quick light steps | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | troll | giant inhabiting hills/caves (Teutonic folklore) | n | W7 LRC |
| English | troll-fells | rocky troll locale in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | n | LRC |
| English | trot | moderately fast gait (legs of quadruped move in diagonal pairs) | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | wentletrap | marine snail with white shell | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian | treda | to tread, trample upon | vb.str | GED LRC |
| Old Frisian | treppe | step | n | ASD LRC |
| Middle Dutch | trappe | trap, stair | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Middle Dutch | treden | to tread | vb.str | GED LRC |
| Middle Dutch | wendeltrappe | winding stair | n | W7 LRC |
| Dutch | trap | stairs | n | TLL LRC |
| Dutch | trappen | to tread, trample | vb | ASD LRC |
| Dutch | wenteltrap | winding stair | n | W7 LRC |
| Old Saxon | trada | track, treading | n | GED LRC |
| Old Low German | tredan, tretan | to tread (down), trample upon | vb | ASD LRC |
| Middle Low German | trade | track, treading | n | GED LRC |
| Middle Low German | trampen | to tramp, stamp | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle Low German | trappe | trap, stair | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Middle Low German | treden | to tread | vb.str | GED LRC |
| Old High German | trapo | trap | n.fem | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | trata | track, course, treading | n | GED LRC |
| Old High German | tretan | to tread | vb.str | GED LRC |
| Old High German | trettōn | to tread, trample upon | vb | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | trota | wine-press | n.wk.fem | GED LRC |
| Old High German | trotōn | to press | vb.wk | GED LRC |
| Old High German | trottōn | to tread | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old High German | zittarōn | to shiver, tremble | vb | GED LRC |
| Middle High German | treten | to tread | vb.str | GED LRC |
| Middle High German | trol(le) | troll, goblin, monster | n.masc | IEW LRC |
| Middle High German | trot(t)e | wine-press | n.wk.fem | GED LRC |
| German | Trampolin | trampoline | n.fem | LRC |
| German | Treppe | step, stairs, staircase | n.fem | ASD LRC |
| German | treten | to tread | vb | LRC |
| German | trotten | to trot | vb | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | troll | troll, fiend, demon, monster | n.neut | IEW W7 LRC |
| Old Norse | trolldómr | witchcraft | n | OED LRC |
| Old Icelandic | (a-)troð | treading | n | GED LRC |
| Old Icelandic | titra | to tremble | vb | GED LRC |
| Old Icelandic | treðja | to tread upon, trample | vb | GED LRC |
| Old Icelandic | troða, trað | to tread | vb.str | GED LRC |
| Old Icelandic | trǫð | cow-pen, fenced lane | n.fem | GED LRC |
| Icelandic | tratta | to tread (under foot), trample upon | vb | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | troð | treading | n.neut | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | troða | to tread (down), trample upon | vb | ASD LRC |
| Norwegian | troll | troll, dwarf | n | W7 LRC |
| Danish | trappe | stairs | n | TLL LRC |
| Danish | trold | troll, imp, dwarf | n | W7 OED LRC |
| Swedish | trapp(a) | step, stair | n | W7 LRC |
| Swedish | troll | troll, imp, dwarf | n | OED LRC |
| Swedish | trolla | to charm, bewitch | vb | OED LRC |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic | ga-trudan | to tread down | vb.str.IV | GED LRC |
| Gothic | trudan | to tread, trample upon | vb.str.IV | GED LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Late Latin | dromo, dromonis | light ship | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| New Latin | -dromus | -dromous, re: running | sfx | W7 LRC |
| Spanish | trampolín | trampoline | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | dromedaire | dromedary | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | dromont | dromond | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | entraper | to entrap | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | trape | trap | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | trot | trot | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| French | prodrome | ensemble of symptoms leading up to the development of a medical condition | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| French | trottoir | sidewalk | n | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek | δρόμος | race, course, running | n.masc | GED LRC |
| Greek | anadramein | to run upward | vb | W7 LRC |
| Greek | anadromos | running upward | adj | W7 LRC |
| Greek | (ἀπο-)διδρᾱ́σκω | to escape | vb | GED LRC |
| Greek | δραμεῖν | to run | vb | GED LRC |
| Greek | dromas | running | adj | W7 LRC |
| Greek | drómos | run, race, course | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Greek | dromōn | race | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Greek | palindromos | running back again | adj | W7 LRC |
| Greek | πρό-δρομος | prodromal, running forward/in advance | adj | LS LRC |
| Indo-Iranian | ||||
| Sanskrit | drámati | to run about | vb | GED LRC |
| Sanskrit | drávati | to run | vb | GED LRC |
| Sanskrit | drā́ti | to run, gallop | vb | GED LRC |