Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|
NYI |
NYI | [ved. ábhūt ‘ist geworden’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. bhávati ‘wird; ist’{11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [ved. babhū́va ‘ist (geworden)’{20} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?[ved. bhaviṣyáti ‘wird werden’{26} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. búbhūṣant- ‘werden wollend’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. (AV) párā bhāvayati ‘läßt zugrunde gehen’{32} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. bobhaviti ‘wird immer wieder’{34} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [aav. Konj. buuaiti ‘wird werden’{3}; [ap. Opt. biyā ‘möge sein’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. bauuaiti ‘wird’{12} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. bābuuarə Yt. 13,150 ‘sind geworden’{21} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?[jav. būšiiaṇt- ‘der sein wird’{27} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. ἔφῡν ‘wuchs, wurde, entstand’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?gr. att. φῡομαι ‘wachse, werde’{15} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. πεφύασι ‘sind (gewachsen)’{22} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. ἔφῡσα ‘ließ wachsen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. ep. φῠομαι ‘wachse, werde, entstehe’{30} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | alat. Konj. fuās ‘sollst sein’{5}, [lat. Perf. fūi ‘war’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | lat. fīo, fīerī ‘werden, entstehen’{16} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [osk. Perf. fufens ‘waren’{23},## Ipf. (< Plqpf.) fufans ‘waren’{24} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [air. 3s bo’ ‘war’, 3p -bátar ‘waren’; mkymr. (+) bu ‘war’{7},## ?[gall. Konj.## bueti(-d), air. Konj.## beith, -bā ‘soll sein’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | air. -bí, -bíat ‘zu sein pflegen’{17} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [air. bieid, -bia ‘wird sein’{29} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [alit. bit(i) ‘er war’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [lit. bùs ‘wird sein’, [bū́siu ‘werde sein’{28} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [aksl. 2s, 3s bystъ ‘war, wurde’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?[r.-ksl. Ptz. byšęšt-, byšǫšt- ‘μέλλω’{28a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aksl. (+) iz-bavljǫ, -baviti ‘retten, erlösen’{33} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | an. byggva ‘bauen, wohnen’{13} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?[ae. (nordh.) bēom, biað ‘bin, seid’{18} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [an. Prät. bjó ‘wohnte’{25} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | got. (+) bauan ‘wohnen, ein Leben führen’{31} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?[alb. (m-)bin ‘keimt, sproßt’{19} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|
Celtic |
Old Irish | both | hut, bothy | n.fem | GED AHD LRC |
Old Irish | bōi | was | vb.1.sg.pret | GED LRC |
Irish | bo(i)th | booth | n | CDC LRC |
Gaelic | buth | booth | n | CDC LRC |
Welsh | bod | hut | n | GED LRC |
Welsh | bum | was | vb.pret.1.sg | TLL LRC |
English |
Old English | bēam | tree, beam | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old English | bēo, bist, biþ | am, are, is | vb.anom.sg | TLL LRC |
Old English | bēon, biōn | to be | vb.anom | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | bēor | beer | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Old English | bēoþ | are | vb.anom.pl | TLL LRC |
Old English | bēow | barley | n | GED LRC |
Old English | bōgian | to dwell, inhabit, settle (at) | vb.wk | GED RPN LRC |
Old English | bold | house, dwelling, building | n.neut | AHD ASD LRC |
Old English | botl | hall, house, abode, dwelling | n.neut | IEW ASD LRC |
Old English | bū, bȳ | home, dwelling | n | GED RPN ASD LRC |
Old English | bū(g)an, būde, bȳne | to live, dwell, inhabit | vb.irr | ASD LRC |
Old English | būr | bower, shelter | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Old English | būw(i)an | to dwell, cultivate | vb | GED LRC |
Old English | byldan | to build | vb | W7 LRC |
Old English | bȳre | byre | n | W7 LRC |
Old English | cwic-bēam | quick-beam, lit. quick-tree (type of poplar?) | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Old English | gebūr | dweller | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | hūsbonda, hūsbunda | husband, master of house | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | impe | imp, scion | n.fem | ASD LRC |
Old English | impian | to imp | vb | W7 LRC |
Old English | nēahgebūr | neighbor, lit. near-dweller | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
Middle English | be(e), beo | am | vb.anom.1.sg | CDC LRC |
Middle English | beem, beme | beam | n | W7 CDC LRC |
Middle English | be(e)n, beon | to be | vb.anom | MEV W7 CDC LRC |
Middle English | be(e)st, beost, bist | are | vb.anom.2.sg | CDC LRC |
Middle English | be(o)th | is | vb.anom.3.sg | CDC LRC |
Middle English | bilawe | bylaw | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | bilden | to build | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | bilt | dwelling | n | MEV LRC |
Middle English | bothe | booth | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | boun(e), bowne | bound, prompt | adj | W7 MEV LRC |
Middle English | *bour | boor, dweller | n | CDC LRC |
Middle English | bour(e), bower | bower, abode | n | W7 MEV LRC |
Middle English | byre, bere | byre | n | W7 MEV LRC |
Middle English | future | future | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | husbonde | husband | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | impen | to imp | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | neighbor | neighbor | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | phisik | medical/natural science | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | phisiken | to administer medical treatment | vb | W7 LRC |
English | apophysis | expanded/projecting part of organism | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | be, been | to exist, have same connotation as | vb.anom | AHD W7 LRC |
English | beam | long piece of heavy timber used in construction | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Boer | white South African of Dutch descent; rebel in Boer War | prop.n | LRC |
English | bondage | villein tenure/service | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | boodle | group of people | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | boom | spar used to extend foot of sail/facilitate mooring/handling of cargo | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | boor | peasant | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | booth | temporary shelter for livestock/field workers | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bothy | booth, basic shelter | n | AHD LRC |
English | bound | ready | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bower | attractive dwelling/retreat | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | build, built | to construct, form by joining materials into composite whole | vb.wk | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bumpkin | awkward, unsophisticated rustic | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bumpkin | projecting boom of ship | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bustle | noisy excited activity | n | AHD LRC |
English | bustle | to (cause to) move busily/energetically | vb | AHD LRC |
English | Butterbur(r) | Bree surname in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | bylaw | rule adopted by organization for government and regulation of affairs | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | byre | cow barn | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | diaphysis | shaft of long bone | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | diphyodont | having 2 sets of teeth | adj | AHD CDC LRC |
English | epiphysis | separately ossifying bone part later ankylosed to main part | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | fiat | command that creates | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | forebear | forefather, ancestor | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | future | (that) which is to be | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Grimbold | Rohan marshal in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Hardbottle | Shire village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | husband | married man | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | hypophysis | pituitary body | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | imp | bud, shoot, graft | n | W7 LRC |
English | imp | to graft/repair (with feather) | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | metaphysics | philosophy of ontology/cosmology/epistemology | n | W7 LRC |
English | Monophysite | member of certain early Christian heretical sect | prop.n | LRC |
English | neighbor | one living/located near another | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | neophyte | proselyte, new convert | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | phyle | largest (ancient Athenian) political subdivision | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | phyletic | phylogenetic | adj | AHD LRC |
English | phylogenetic | re: phylogeny | adj | AHD LRC |
English | phylogeny | evolution of genetically related organisms | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | phylum | line of descent within group | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | physic | to treat with/administer medicine to | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | physics | art/practice of healing disease | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | physi(o)- | nature | pfx | AHD W7 LRC |
English | physique | bodily makeup, referring to strength/structure/appearance/constitution | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | -phyte | plant having (certain) habitat/characteristic | n.pfx | AHD W7 LRC |
English | phyt(o)- | plant | pfx | AHD LRC |
English | phyton | plant leaf with stem | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Quickbeam | Ent a.k.a. Bregalad in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | symphysis | somewhat movable bone articulation in body's median plane | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | tracheophyte | vascular plant having conducting system of phloem/xylem | n | AHD W7 LRC |
American English | caboodle | boodle | n | CDC LRC |
British English | quick-beam | mountain-ash | n.dial | OED LRC |
Scots English | bear | one who exists | n | W7 LRC |
Scots English | been | to be | vb.anom | W7 LRC |
Scots English | bothy | bunkhouse, small cottage | n | LRC |
Scots English | buith | booth | n | CDC LRC |
Scots English | forebear | ancestor | n | W7 LRC |
West Germanic |
Old Frisian | bām | tree | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | bem | am | vb.anom.1.sg | CDC LRC |
Old Frisian | bōgia | to dwell, inhabit | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | bouwje | to dwell, inhabit | vb | ASD LRC |
Old Frisian | bowa, buwa | to dwell, cultivate | vb | GED LRC |
Frisian | boer | boor, farmer, dweller | n.masc | ASD LRC |
North Frisian | baem, beamme, bjemme | tree | n | ASD LRC |
Middle Dutch | beboer | rustic, farmer, husbandman | n | CDC LRC |
Middle Dutch | bōdel | riches, property; boodle | n | AHD LRC |
Middle Dutch | bomme | cask | n | W7 LRC |
Middle Dutch | bommekijn | little barrel | n | W7 LRC |
Middle Dutch | ghebure, ghebuer | neighbor | n | CDC LRC |
Dutch | ben | (I) am | vb.anom.1.sg | TLL LRC |
Dutch | bent | (you) are | vb.anom.2.sg | TLL LRC |
Dutch | boedel | lot, estate | n | W7 LRC |
Dutch | Boer | Boer | prop.n | W7 LRC |
Dutch | boer | boor, farmer, dweller | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
Dutch | boerderij | farm | n | TLL LRC |
Dutch | boom | tree; bar, pole, beam, boom | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
Dutch | bouw | bower, dwelling | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Dutch | bouwen | to dwell | vb | RPN LRC |
Dutch | buur | neighbor | n | CDC LRC |
Dutch | gebouw | building | n | TLL LRC |
Flemish | boom | tree | n | W7 LRC |
Flemish | boomken | shrub | n | W7 LRC |
Old Saxon | bist | are | vb.anom.2.sg | CDC LRC |
Old Saxon | bium | am | vb.anom.1.sg | CDC LRC |
Old Saxon | bōm | tree | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | bū | home, property | n.neut | GED ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | būan | to dwell, cultivate | vb | GED RPN LRC |
Middle Low German | bōde | booth, hut, tent, abode | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Middle Low German | bōm | tree | n | CDC LRC |
Middle Low German | (ge)būr | boor, husbandman | n | CDC LRC |
Low German | boom | tree; bar, pole, beam, boom | n | CDC LRC |
Low German | buur, būr | boor, farmer; neighbor, citizen | n.masc | ASD CDC LRC |
Old High German | bim, pim | am | vb.anom.1.sg | W7 CDC LRC |
Old High German | bior | beer | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Old High German | boum, poum | tree | n.str.masc | GED ASD LRC |
Old High German | bū | home, dwelling, cultivation | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Old High German | būr | cage, building | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old High German | bū(w)an, būen | to dwell, cultivate | vb | GED RPN LRC |
Old High German | gibūr(o) | boor, rustic, husbandman | n | CDC LRC |
Old High German | impfōn | to imp, graft | vb | W7 LRC |
Old High German | nāhgibūr | neighbor | n | W7 LRC |
Old High German | pis(t) | are | vb.anom.2.sg | CDC LRC |
Old High German | pū | dwelling | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | bin | am | vb.anom.1.sg | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | bist | are | vb.anom.2.sg | CDC LRC |
Middle High German | boum | tree | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | bouwen, b(i)uwen | to dwell, inhabit | vb | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | bū, bou | dwelling | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | būde, buode | booth, hut, tent, abode | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Middle High German | gebūr(e) | boor, rustic, husbandman | n | CDC LRC |
German | Bau | building | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | bauen | to build; dwell, inhabit | vb | ASD LRC |
German | Bauer | boor, farmer | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | Bauer | cage, bower, aviary | n.masc | GED ASD LRC |
German | Bauernhof | farm | n | TLL LRC |
German | Baum | tree | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | bin | am | vb.anom.1.sg | ASD LRC |
German | bist | are | vb.anom.2.sg | TLL LRC |
German | Bude | booth, hut, shack | n.fem | LRC |
German | Bure | Boer | prop.n.masc | LRC |
German | Gebäude | building | n | TLL LRC |
North Germanic |
Old Norse | bōndi | yeoman, franklin, husband | n | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | búa, búinn | to live, prepare, be ready; settle | vb | LRC |
Old Norse | būþ | booth | n | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | byggja, bygð | to build; dwell, inhabit | vb | LRC |
Old Norse | bȳlög | bylaw, rule adopted by town | n | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | bȳr | town | n | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | hūsbōndi | husband, householder | n | W7 LRC |
Old Icelandic | baðmr | tree | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | ból | lair | n | RPN LRC |
Old Icelandic | bōl | dwelling, animal lair | n.neut | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | bū | dwelling, household; farming | n | GED RPN LRC |
Old Icelandic | būa | to dwell, prepare | vb | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | būð | booth, hut, tent, abode | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | būr | chamber, building for stores | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | bygg | barley | n | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | byggva | to inhabit | vb | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | bȳr, bœr | house, farm | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | bǫrr | tree | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Icelandic | baðmr | tree | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | bū | dwelling | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | būa, bōa | to dwell, inhabit | vb | ASD CDC LRC |
Icelandic | būð | booth, dwelling | n | CDC LRC |
Icelandic | būr | bower | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Norwegian | bomm, bumm, bumb | boom, bar | n | CDC LRC |
Old Danish | bōþ | booth, stall, dwelling | n | AHD LRC |
Danish | bo | dwelling | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Danish | bod | booth, stall | n | CDC LRC |
Danish | bo(e) | to dwell | vb | GED ASD LRC |
Danish | bom | boom, beam, bar, rail, perch | n | CDC LRC |
Danish | bonde | farmer | n | LRC |
Danish | buur | bower | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Danish | by | town | n | TLL LRC |
Danish | bygning | building | n | TLL LRC |
Old Swedish | bagn | tree | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Swedish | bo | to dwell | vb | GED LRC |
Old Swedish | bōþ | booth, hut, tent, abode | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Swedish | bo | dwelling | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Swedish | bo | to dwell, inhabit | vb | ASD LRC |
Swedish | bod | booth, stall | n | CDC LRC |
Swedish | bom | boom, beam, bar, rail, perch | n | CDC LRC |
Swedish | bonde | farmer | n | TLL LRC |
Swedish | bur | bower | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Swedish | by | village | n | TLL LRC |
Swedish | byggnad | building | n | TLL LRC |
East Germanic |
Gothic | bagms | tree | n.masc | GED ASD LRC |
Gothic | bauan | to live, dwell, inhabit | vb.str.VII | GED RPN LRC |
Italic |
Latin | fiat | let it be | vb.subj | W7 LRC |
Latin | fio, fieri | to become, be made | vb.defc | LRC |
Latin | fuī, fuisti, fuit | was, were | vb.pret.sg | W7 LRC |
Latin | futurus | about to be | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
Latin | physica | physics, natural science | n.neut.pl | W7 LRC |
Latin | physicus | of nature | adj | W7 LRC |
Latin | superbus, superba, superbum | haughty | adj | LRC |
Late Latin | neophytus | beginner | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Medieval Latin | Monophysita | Monophysite | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | apophysis | bringing forth | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | byre | a cow barn | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | diaphysis | the shaft of a long bone | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | epiphysis | separated ossification of a bone | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | hypophysis | pituitary body | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | phylum | a direct line of descent withing a group | n.neut | W7 LRC |
New Latin | phyton | a structural unit of a plant | n.neut | W7 LRC |
New Latin | symphysis | state of growing together | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | Tracheophyta | genus name | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Spanish | fuí, fuiste, fué | was, were | vb.pret.sg | TLL LRC |
Old French | fisique | medicine | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Old French | futur | about to be | adj | W7 LRC |
French | fus, fut | was, were | vb.pret.sg | TLL LRC |
French | physique | physical, bodily | adj | W7 LRC |
Italian | fui, fosti, fu | was, were | vb.pret.sg | TLL LRC |
Balto-Slavic |
Old Prussian | buttan | house | n | GED LRC |
Old Prussian | buwinanti | dwell! | vb.2.pl.imp | GED LRC |
Polish | buda | booth | n | CDC LRC |
Czech | bouda | booth | n | CDC LRC |
Czech | byt | home | n | GED LRC |
Sorbian | buda | booth | n | CDC LRC |
Old Lithuanian | bu | was | vb.pret | GED LRC |
Lithuanian | bùtas | house | n | GED LRC |
Lithuanian | bū́ti, yrà, bùvo | to be | vb | LRC |
Lithuanian | bū́ti | to be | vb | GED LRC |
Lithuanian | bū̃vis | life, existence | n | GED LRC |
Latvian | būt, esmu, biju | to be | vb | LRC |
Russian | budka | booth | n | CDC LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | by | was | vb.pret | GED LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | byvati, byvajǫ, byvaješi | to be | vb | LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | byti, bǫdǫ, bǫdeši | to be, become | vb | LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | prěbyti, prěbǫdǫ, prěbǫdeši | to abide, remain | vb | LRC |
Paleo-Balkan |
Albanian | buj | to spend the night | vb | RPN LRC |
Hellenic |
Greek | apophuein | to send out branches | vb | AHD LRC |
Greek | apophusis | branch, apophysis | n | AHD LRC |
Greek | diaphyesthai | to grow between | vb | W7 LRC |
Greek | diaphysis | spinous process of the tibia | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | epiphyesthai | to grow on | vb | W7 LRC |
Greek | epiphysis | growth | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | ἔφῡ | was | vb.aor | GED LRC |
Greek | neophytos | newly planted, newly converted | adj | W7 LRC |
Greek | symphyesthai | to grow together | vb | W7 LRC |
Greek | symphysis | state of growing together | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | hypophyein | to grow beneath | vb | W7 LRC |
Greek | hypophysis | attachment underneath | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | phyesthai | to grow | vb | W7 LRC |
Greek | φύη | stature | n.fem | LRC |
Greek | phylē | tribe | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | phylon | tribe, race | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Greek | φῦμα | growth | n | GED LRC |
Greek | phynai | to be born, be by nature | vb | W7 LRC |
Greek | φύομαι | to become | vb | GED LRC |
Greek | physika | physical things, natural things | n.neut.pl | W7 LRC |
Greek | physikē | study of nature | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | physikos | of nature | adj | W7 LRC |
Greek | physis | growth, nature | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | phyton | plant | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Greek | φύω | to grow, become, bring forth | vb | LRC |
Greek | φωλεός | cave inhabited by wild animals | n | GED LRC |
Medieval Greek | Monophysitēs | Monophysite | adj | W7 LRC |
Indo-Iranian |
Avestan | bavaiti | to be, become | vb | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | ábhūt | was | vb.aor | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | bahúṣ | arm | n | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | bhávati | to be, exist, become | vb | GED RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | bhú | earth, site, place | n.fem | ASD LRC |
Sanskrit | bhú | to be, become, spring up | vb | ASD LRC |
Sanskrit | bhū́ma | earth, being | n | GED LRC |