Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
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Celtic |
Old Irish | berbaid | to cook | vb | GED LRC |
Old Irish | bruth | fermentation | n | GED LRC |
Old Irish | tipra | source, fountain | n.fem | GED LRC |
Middle Irish | berbaim | to boil | vb | RPN LRC |
Old Welsh | brwd | fermentation | n | GED LRC |
English |
Old English | bærnan | to burn, kindle, set afire | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old English | beornan, bi(e)rnan, byrnan | to burn, blaze, be on fire | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old English | brāde | roasted meat | n | CDC LRC |
Old English | brǣd | flesh | n | W7 LRC |
Old English | brǣdan, brēdan | to roast, broil | vb | GED ASD LRC |
Old English | brand, brond | brand, blaze; sword | n.str.masc | GED ASD LRC |
Old English | brēad, brēod | bread; bit, morsel, fragment | n.str.neut | GED ASD LRC |
Old English | brēdan | to breed | vb | W7 LRC |
Old English | brennian | to cause to burn | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old English | brēowan | to brew, prepare through fermentation | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old English | brinnan, bearn, burnon, bornen | to burn | vb | RPN LRC |
Old English | brōd | brood | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Old English | broð | broth | n.neut | GED ASD LRC |
Old English | brunna | burn; fount, spring, source | n.wk.masc | GED LRC |
Old English | bryn-stān | brimstone | n.masc | MEV LRC |
Old English | burn | burn | n.str.fem | ODE LRC |
Old English | burna, burne | burn; fount, spring, source | n.wk.masc | GED ASD LRC |
Old English | byrne | fire, flame | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Middle English | birnen | to burn | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | brand, brond | brand, blaze; sword | n | W7 CDC LRC |
Middle English | braundisshen, braundis(h)en | to brandish | vb | W7 CDC LRC |
Middle English | brawn, braun | brawn | n | W7 CDC LRC |
Middle English | bred-corn | lit. bread-grain | n | MEV LRC |
Middle English | breden | to breed | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | breed, bred(e) | bread | n | W7 MEV LRC |
Middle English | brended | brindled | adj | AHD LRC |
Middle English | brewen | to brew | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | brewes | broth | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | brinston, brynstane | brimstone | n | W7 MEV LRC |
Middle English | broilen | to broil | vb | AHD LRC |
Middle English | brood | brood | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | broth | broth | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | burn, borne | burn | n | W7 MEV LRC |
English | blaff | West Indian fish/pork stew | n | AHD LRC |
English | bourn(e) | burn | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | braciola | thin slice of meat (wrapped around stuffing) | n | AHD LRC |
English | braise | to slowly cook with fat in closed pot | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Brand | Dale king in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | brand | torch, charred/burning wood | n | AHD W7 GED LRC |
English | brandade | salted cod dish | n | AHD LRC |
English | brandish | to shake/wave (weapon) menacingly | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | brandy | brandywine | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Brandybuck | hobbit clan in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Brandywine | Shire river in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | brandywine | alcoholic liquor distilled from peach wine | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bratwurst | small fried pork sausage | n | AHD LRC |
English | brawn | full strong muscles of arm/leg | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | braze | to solder with infusible alloy | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | brazier | pan to hold burning coals | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bread | baked food: flour/meal mixed with liquid/shortening/leavening | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | breed, bred | to reproduce (offspring) by hatching/gestation | vb.str | AHD W7 LRC |
English | bresaola | dried sliced salt-cured beef | n | AHD LRC |
English | brew | beverage made by brewing | n | AHD LRC |
English | brew | to prepare by infusion/steeping/boiling/fermentation | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | brewis | broth | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | brimstone | sulfur | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | brindled | tawny/grayish with darker spots/streaks | adj | AHD LRC |
English | broil | brawl, rowdy argument | n | AHD LRC |
English | broil | to brawl, engage in rowdy argument | vb.obs | AHD LRC |
English | brood | (family of) animal young | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | broth | stock, liquid in which fish/meat/vegetables/cereal grains were cooked | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | burn, burnt | to blaze, set afire | vb.wk | AHD W7 LRC |
English | burn | brook, stream, rivulet | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | embroil | to throw into disorder/confusion | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Erkenbrand | Westfold master in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | fornicate | having arched/vaulted form | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | fornicate | to have sexual intercourse while unmarried | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | fornix | anatomical arch/foldfold | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Herubrand | Rohan rider in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | imbroglio | confused mass | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | phreatic | subterranean, re: ground water | adj | AHD LRC |
English | sauerbraten | marinated roasted beef | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Snowbourn | Rohan river in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Upbourn | Rohan village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | waybread | bread for journey in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | n | LRC |
West Germanic |
Old Frisian | barna, berna | to burn | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | brād | bread | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | brand, brond | brand, blaze; sword | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | brēda | to roast, broil | vb | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | burna | burn; fount, source | n.wk.masc | GED LRC |
Frisian | brān | brand; sword | n | ASD LRC |
Frisian | briede | to roast | vb | ASD LRC |
Old Dutch | bernen | to burn | vb | ASD LRC |
Old Dutch | brand | brand, blaze; sword | n | CDC LRC |
Middle Dutch | borne | burn | n | ODE LRC |
Middle Dutch | brant | distilled | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle Dutch | brantwijn | brandywine | n | W7 LRC |
Middle Dutch | bro | bread | n | GED LRC |
Middle Dutch | broeijen | to brood, warm | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Dutch | born, bron | bourn | n.fem | ASD LRC |
Dutch | braden | to roast, broil | vb | ASD LRC |
Dutch | brand | brand, fire | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Dutch | branden | to burn | vb | ASD LRC |
Dutch | brandewijn | brandywine | n | W7 LRC |
Dutch | brand(t)wijn | brandywine | n | CDC LRC |
Dutch | broed | brood | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Dutch | brood | bread | n | TLL LRC |
Dutch | brouwen | to brew | vb.str | GED LRC |
Dutch | gebroed | brood | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | brādon | to roast | vb | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | brinnan, brennan | to burn | vb.str | GED ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | brōd | bread | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | brunno | burn; fount, source | n.wk.masc | GED LRC |
Middle Low German | born(e) | burn | n | ODE LRC |
Middle Low German | brannewīn | brandywine | n | CDC LRC |
Middle Low German | brant | brand, blaze | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Middle Low German | brōien | to burn, scorch | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Middle Low German | brōt | bread | n | CDC LRC |
Low German | brood | bread | n | CDC LRC |
Old High German | brant | brand, blaze; sword | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old High German | brātan | to roast, broil | vb | GED LRC |
Old High German | brāto | piece of flesh | n | CDC LRC |
Old High German | brennen | to cause to burn | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old High German | brinnan, brennan, prennan | to burn | vb.str | GED ASD LRC |
Old High German | briuwan | to brew | vb.str | GED RPN LRC |
Old High German | brod, brōd | broth | n.neut | W7 ASD LRC |
Old High German | brōt | bread | n.str.neut | GED LRC |
Old High German | brunno | burn; fount, source | n.wk.masc | GED LRC |
Old High German | brunst | blaze, heat | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Old High German | prod | broth | n | GED LRC |
Middle High German | brant | brand, fire | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | brantweīn | brandywine | n | CDC LRC |
Middle High German | brāte | roasted meat | n | CDC LRC |
Middle High German | brāten | to roast | vb | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | brennen | to burn | vb | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | briuwen | to brew | vb | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | brod | broth | n.neut | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | brōt | bread | n | CDC LRC |
Middle High German | brüeje | brew, broth | n.fem | GED LRC |
Middle High German | brü(ej)en | to brew; singe, burn, scorch | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Middle High German | brunne, burne | bourn | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Middle High German | bruot | brood | n.str.fem | GED LRC |
Early New High German | aus-brüen | to hatch | vb.wk | GED LRC |
German | Born | bourn | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | Brand | brand, fire | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | Branntwein | spirits, brandywine | n.masc | LRC |
German | Braten | roasted meat | n.masc | W7 LRC |
German | braten | to roast, broil | vb | ASD LRC |
German | Bratwurst | bratwurst | n.fem | LRC |
German | brauen | to brew | vb | ASD LRC |
German | brennen | to burn | vb | ASD LRC |
German | Brot | bread | n.neut | TLL LRC |
German | Brühe | broth | n.fem | LRC |
German | Brunnen | bourn; fount, source | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | Brut | brood | n.fem | ASD LRC |
German | Sauerbraten | sauerbraten, lit. sour roast | n | W7 LRC |
German | Schönbrunn | Viennese palace, lit. beautiful fountain | prop.n | LRC |
North Germanic |
Old Norse | brenna, brann | to burn, be on fire | vb.str.intrans | LRC |
Old Norse | brenna, brennad | to burn, light, set on fire | vb.wk.trans | LRC |
Old Icelandic | brandr | brand, blaze | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | brasa, brasað | to braze, harden in fire | vb | ICE LRC |
Old Icelandic | brauð | bread | n.str.neut | GED RPN LRC |
Old Icelandic | brenna | to cause to burn | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | brinna | to burn | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | broð | broth | n | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | brugga | to brew, prepare through fermentation | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | brundr | blaze, heat | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | bruni | burning | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | brunnr | fount, source | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | *bryggja | to brew, prepare through fermentation | vb.str | GED LRC |
Icelandic | brandr | brand, fire; sword blade | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | brasa | to braze, harden by fire | vb | CDC LRC |
Icelandic | brauð | bread | n | TLL LRC |
Icelandic | brugga | to brew | vb | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | brunnr | bourn | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Danish | brad | joint of meat | n | CDC LRC |
Danish | brand | brand, fire | n | ASD LRC |
Danish | brase | to fry, braise | vb | CDC LRC |
Danish | brygge | to brew | vb | ASD LRC |
Danish | brönd | bourn | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Danish | brøt | bread | n | TLL LRC |
Danish | brände | to burn | vb | ASD LRC |
Swedish | brand | brand, fire | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Swedish | brasa | flame | n | CDC LRC |
Swedish | brunn | bourn | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Swedish | brygga | to brew | vb | ASD LRC |
Swedish | bröd | bread | n | TLL LRC |
Swedish | bränna | to burn | vb | ASD LRC |
East Germanic |
Gothic | *ala-brunsts | burnt offering | n.fem | GED LRC |
Gothic | brannjan | to burn | vb | ASD LRC |
Gothic | *brinnan | to burn | vb.str.III | GED LRC |
Gothic | brinno | fever | n.fem | GED LRC |
Gothic | brunna | fount, source | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Gothic | *gabrannjan | to burn up | vb.wk.I | GED LRC |
Gothic | *inbrannjan | to set on fire | vb.wk.I | GED LRC |
Gothic | *ufbrinnan | to burn up | vb.str.III | GED LRC |
Crimean Gothic | *broet, broe | bread | n | CGo GED LRC |
Crimean Gothic | brunna | fount, source | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
Italic |
Latin | dēfrutum | boiled-down cider | n | GED LRC |
Latin | fornix, fornicis | arch, vault; brothel | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Late Latin | fornicatus | arched, vaulted | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
Late Latin | fornico, fornicāre, fornicātus | to fornicate | vb | W7 LRC |
New Latin | fornix | anatomical arch/fold | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Portuguese | abrazar | to set on fire | vb | CDC LRC |
Portuguese | bradon, brazon, braon | brawn, piece of flesh | n | CDC LRC |
Portuguese | brandir | to brandish | vb | CDC LRC |
Portuguese | braza | ember, live coal | n | CDC LRC |
Old Spanish | brahon | brawn, piece of flesh | n | CDC LRC |
Spanish | abrasar | to set on fire | vb | CDC LRC |
Spanish | blandir | to brandish | vb | CDC LRC |
Spanish | brasa | ember, live coal | n.fem | CDC LRC |
Spanish | brasero | brazier | n.masc | LRC |
Old French | abraser, esbraser | to set on fire | vb | CDC LRC |
Old French | bodne, bonne | bourn; bound, limit, destination | n | CDC LRC |
Old French | brand, bran(t) | sword | n | CDC LRC |
Old French | brandir | to brandish | vb | W7 LRC |
Old French | braon | meat, brawn | n | AHD LRC |
Old French | broet, broez | broth | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Anglo-French | breu | brew, broth | n | AHD LRC |
Anglo-French | broiller | to broil, confuse, mix up | vb | AHD LRC |
Middle French | brandir, brandissē | to brandish | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | braon | brawn, muscle | n | W7 LRC |
Middle French | brouiller | to broil | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | burn, bourne | bourn | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | embrouiller | to entangle, cover up | vb | W7 LRC |
French | borne | bound, limit, marker | n.fem | CDC LRC |
French | bracier | brazier | n | CDC LRC |
French | braise | ember, live coal(s) | n.fem | CDC LRC |
French | braiser | to braise, cook over live coals | vb | CDC LRC |
French | brandade | brandade | n | AHD LRC |
French | brandir | to brandish | vb | CDC LRC |
French | brandon | brand, torch | n | CDC LRC |
French | braser | to braze | vb | CDC LRC |
French | embraser | to set on fire | vb | CDC LRC |
French | embrouiller | to tangle, cloud over | vb | W7 LRC |
Old Provençal | brandar | to shake, brandish | vb | AHD LRC |
Old Occitan | brasa | to braise | vb | CDC LRC |
Provençal | bran | sword | n | CDC LRC |
Provençal | brandado | brandade | n | AHD LRC |
Provençal | brandir | to brandish | vb | CDC LRC |
Provençal | brasa | ember, live coal | n | CDC LRC |
Provençal | embraser | to set on fire | vb | CDC LRC |
Italian | abbraciare | to set on fire | vb | CDC LRC |
Italian | braciola | braciola | n | AHD LRC |
Italian | bragia, bra(s)cia | ember, live coal | n | CDC LRC |
Italian | brandire | to brandish | vb | CDC LRC |
Italian | brando | sword | n | CDC LRC |
Italian | bresaola | bresaola | n | AHD LRC |
Italian | imbrogliare | to entangle | vb | W7 LRC |
Italian | imbroglio | imbroglio, messiness | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Balto-Slavic |
Russian | bruja | current | n.fem | GED LRC |
Hellenic |
Homeric Greek | πρήθω | to burn, blow into flame | vb | CDC LRC |
Greek | φρέᾱρ | well, reservoir | n | GED LRC |
Greek | φρέᾱτος | well, reservoir | n | GED LRC |
Armenian |
Armenian | atbiur | fount | n | GED LRC |
Indo-Iranian |
Sanskrit | bhuráti | to move rapidly | vb | GED LRC |