3. bʰer-
to bore, cut, scrape, use sharp tool
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [alit. barti ‘schilt’{4}, [lit. barù, (bárti) ‘schelten’, refl. ‘sich zanken’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. borjǫ, (brati) ‘kämpfen’{5a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?ai. (DhP) bhr̥ṇāti ‘droht, schimpft’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[alb. bren ‘nagt, zerfrißt’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | alb. bie ‘klopft, schlägt; fällt’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | an. (+) berja ‘schlagen’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lat. feriō, -īre ‘stoßen, schlagen’{7a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Cross References - Pokorny
bʰroisqo-, bʰrisqo-bʰrēi-, bʰrī̆-Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Irish | barra | bar, spike | n | CDC LRC |
| Gaelic | barra | bar, spike | n | CDC LRC |
| Breton | barren | bar, branch | n | CDC LRC |
| Cornish | bara | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Welsh | bar | bar, rail | n | CDC LRC |
| English | ||||
| Old English | bearg, bearh | barrow | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
| Old English | bor | auger, gimlet | n | RPN LRC |
| Old English | borian | to bore, pierce | vb | RPN LRC |
| Middle English | barow(e), bar(r)ow, baru | barrow | n | W7 CDC LRC |
| Middle English | barr(e) | bar | n | W7 CDC LRC |
| Middle English | bor(i)en | to bore | vb | W7 CDC LRC |
| English | bar | barrier, straight solid wood/metal implement | n | IEW LRC |
| English | barrow | male hog castrated prior to sexual maturity | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | bore | to pierce with rotary tool | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | borer | rotary tool for boring | n | LRC |
| English | burin | stone-cutting tool with sharp beveled point | n | AHD LRC |
| English | Dukhobor | (member of) Russian Christian movement | prop.n | AHD LRC |
| English | foramen | fenestra: small opening/orifice/perforation | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | perforate | to make hole(s) in | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | pharynx | alimentary canal between mouth and esophagus | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Frisian | baerg | barrow | n.masc | ASD LRC |
| Dutch | barg | barrow | n.masc | ASD LRC |
| Dutch | berg | barrow | n | CDC LRC |
| Dutch | boor | borer, auger, gimlet | n | CDC LRC |
| Dutch | boren | to bore | vb | CDC LRC |
| Middle Low German | barc | barrow | n | CDC LRC |
| Middle Low German | bor | borer, auger, gimlet | n | CDC LRC |
| Old High German | bar(u)g, barc | barrow | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
| Old High German | boro | auger | n | RPN LRC |
| Old High German | borōn | to bore | vb | RPN LRC |
| Middle High German | bar(re) | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Middle High German | born | to bore | vb | CDC LRC |
| German | Barre | bar, ingot | n | CDC LRC |
| German | bohren | to bore | vb | LRC |
| German | Bohrer | borer, auger, gimlet | n.masc | LRC |
| German | Borg-schwein | barrow | n.neut | ASD LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | barki | throat | n | W7 LRC |
| Old Norse | berja, barði, bariðr | to beat, smite; (refl.) fight | vb | LRC |
| Old Icelandic | bora | to bore (holes in) | vb | RPN LRC |
| Old Icelandic | borr | borer, auger, gimlet | n | RPN LRC |
| Icelandic | bora | to bore | vb | CDC LRC |
| Icelandic | borr | borer, auger, gimlet | n | CDC LRC |
| Icelandic | börgr | barrow | n | CDC LRC |
| Danish | barre | bar, ingot | n | CDC LRC |
| Danish | bor | borer, auger, gimlet | n | CDC LRC |
| Danish | bore | to bore | vb | CDC LRC |
| Swedish | borr | borer, auger, gimlet | n | CDC LRC |
| Swedish | borra | to bore | vb | CDC LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | feriō, ferīre | to strike, cut, kill | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | forāmen, forāminis | hole, opening | n.neut | W7 LRC |
| Latin | forō, forāre | to bore, pierce | vb | RPN LRC |
| Latin | informis, informis, informe | hideous, unshapely | adj | LRC |
| Latin | perforo, perforare, perforatus | to pierce, perforate | vb | W7 LRC |
| Late Latin | barra | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| New Latin | pharynx, pharyngis | pharynx | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Portuguese | barra | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Spanish | barra | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Old French | barre | bar | n | W7 LRC |
| French | barre | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Old Occitan | barra | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Italian | barra | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Balto-Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic | borjǫ, brati | to fight | vb | RPN LRC |
| Russian | barŭ | bar | n | CDC LRC |
| Russian | bort' | hollowed-out tree | n | RPN LRC |
| Paleo-Balkan | ||||
| Albanian | brimë | hole | n | RPN LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek | φάρυγξ | throat, gullet, pharynx | n.fem | LS LRC |
| Greek | φαράω | to plow | vb | RPN LRC |
| Greek | φάρμακον | paint, color | n.neut | LRC |
| Greek | φαρόω | to plow | vb | RPN LRC |
| Greek | pharynx | throat, pharynx | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian | beran | mouth | n | LRC |
| Armenian | brem | to dig, drill (out) | vb | RPN LRC |
| Indo-Iranian | ||||
| Sanskrit | bhára-ḥ | war, battle, contest | n | RPN LRC |