3b. u̯er-, u̯er-b-, and u̯er-bʰ-
to bend, turn, warp
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [aksl. -vrъgъ ‘warf’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aksl. (+) vrъgǫ, (vrěšti) ‘werfen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | got. (+) wairpan ‘werfen’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | gr. ῥέμβομαι ‘umherschweifen’{1} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | mnd. (+) wrimpen ‘rümpfen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English | wearp | warp | n.neut | W7 LRC |
| Old English | weorpan | to warp, throw | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | verveine | vervain | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | warp | warp | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | warpen | to warp | vb | W7 LRC |
| English | reverberate | to force back | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | verbena | vervain (garden plant) | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | vervain | verbena (garden plant) | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | warp | yarn extended lengthwise in loom (crossed by woof) | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | warp | to turn/twist out of shape | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian | werpa | to warp, cast, fling, throw | vb | ASD LRC |
| Old Saxon | warp | warp; thing thrown | n.neut | IEW LRC |
| Old Saxon | werpan | to warp, cast, fling, throw | vb | IEW LRC |
| Old High German | war(a)f | warp, thread; thing thrown | n.neut | IEW ASD LRC |
| Old High German | werfan | to warp, cast, fling, throw | vb | IEW LRC |
| German | werfen | to throw, cast; warp | vb | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | verpa | to warp, throw, cast | vb | LRC |
| Old Icelandic | varp | warp; thing thrown | n.neut | IEW LRC |
| Icelandic | varp | warping, casting | n.neut | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | verpa | to warp, cast, fling, throw | vb | ASD LRC |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic | waírpan | to warp, cast, fling, throw | vb.str.III | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | reverberatus | reflected, pushed away | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
| Latin | reverbero, reverberāre | to reverberate, push away | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | verbena | verbena: sacred bough, medicinal plant | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | verber | rod | n.neut | W7 LRC |
| Latin | verbero, verberāre | to lash | vb | W7 LRC |
| New Latin | verbena | verbena: medicinal plant | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | verveine | vervain | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek | ῥάβδος | rod, wand | n.fem | LRC |