1. bʰedʰ-
to dig, stab, pierce, embed
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ?[heth. paddai ‘gräbt’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lat. fodiō, -ere ‘graben’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. bodǫ, (bosti) ‘stechen’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aksl. -basъ ‘stach’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lit. bedù, (bèsti) ‘stechen, graben’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lit. badaũ, badàti ‘stechen, stoßen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | toch.A pātar ‘pflügten’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Welsh | bedd | grave | n | RPN LRC |
| Gaulish | bedo- | canal, ditch | n | RPN LRC |
| English | ||||
| Old English | bed(d) | bed | n | W7 ASD LRC |
| Middle English | bed(de) | bed | n | W7 CDC LRC |
| Middle English | fosse | fosse | n | W7 LRC |
| English | bed | furniture for sleeping/reclining | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | bed | to put to bed, place in bed | vb | W2I LRC |
| English | embed, imbed | to enclose, set solidly | vb | W2I LRC |
| English | fossa | anatomical pit/cavity | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | fosse | moat, ditch | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | fossil | trace of plant/animal of past geological age | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | fossorial | adapted to digging | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian | bed | bed | n | CDC LRC |
| Dutch | bed | bed | n.neut | CDC ASD LRC |
| Old Saxon | bed | bed | n.neut | CDC ASD LRC |
| Old High German | bet(ti), petti | bed | n.neut | CDC ASD LRC |
| Middle High German | bet(te) | bed | n.neut | CDC LRC |
| German | Bett | bed | n.neut | CDC LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | beðr | bed | n.masc | ASD LRC |
| Old Norse | Bǫðvarr | Bothvar | prop.n.masc | LRC |
| Old Norse | bǫðvarr | battle | n.masc | LRC |
| Icelandic | beðr | bed | n | CDC LRC |
| Danish | bed | bed | n | ASD LRC |
| Swedish | bädd | bed | n.neut | CDC ASD LRC |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic | badi | bed | n.neut | CDC ASD LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | fodiō, fodere, fōdī, fossum | to dig (up), pierce, stab | vb | RPN LRC |
| Latin | fossa | dip, hole in ground | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | fossilis | dug up | adj | W7 LRC |
| Medieval Latin | fossorius | fossorial, adapted to digging | adj | W7 LRC |
| New Latin | fossa | anatomical pit/depression | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Old French | fosse | dip, hole in ground | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Balto-Slavic | ||||
| Lithuanian | bãdas | starvation | n.masc | LRC |
| Lithuanian | badaũ, badýti | to pierce, gore | vb | RPN LRC |
| Lithuanian | bedù, bèsti | to dig, bury | vb | RPN LRC |
| Old Church Slavonic | bodǫ, bosti | to stick, prick | vb | RPN LRC |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Hittite | pád-da-i, píd-da-i | to dig | vb.3.sg | RPN LRC |