1. (s)ten-
to drone, groan, thunder, etc.
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. ní(ṣ) ṣṭanihi ‘donnere heraus!’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. tatanat ‘donnert’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. tanyati ‘donnert’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. stanáyanti ‘donnern’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[lat. tonuī ‘donnerte’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lat. tonō, -āre ‘donnern’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ai. (ep.) stanant-/ni-ṣṭanant- ‘stöhnend’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. στένω ‘stöhne’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ae. (+) stenan, mnd. stenen ‘stöhnen’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lit. stenù, (stenė́ti) ‘stöhnen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. (+) stenjǫ, (stenati) ‘stöhnen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aruss. (+) stonju, (stonati) ‘stöhnen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Cross References - Pokorny
2. ten-Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English | þunresdæg | Thursday, lit. Thor's day | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Old English | þunor | thunder | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | Thursday | day named for Thor: Germanic thunder god | prop.n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | astonen | to astound | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | astonien | to astonish | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | stunen | to stun | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | thoner, thunder | thunder | n | W7 LRC |
| English | Thursday | day between Wednesday and Friday | prop.n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | astonish | to strike with sudden fear | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | blunderbuss | short firearm with large bore/flaring muzzle | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | detonate | to explode suddenly/violently | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | Donner | Thunder: one of Santa's reindeer | prop.n | LRC |
| English | Dunder, Donder | a.k.a. Donner | prop.n | LRC |
| English | dunderhead | dunce, blockhead | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | stun | to strike dizzy/senseless | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | Thor | god of thunder (Norse mythology) | prop.n | LRC |
| English | thunder | sound heard after lightning | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | thunder | to produce sound like thunder | vb | W7 LRC |
| English | tornado | tropical thunderstorm | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | þōrs-dagr | Thursday, lit. Thor's day | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Old Norse | Þōrr | Thor | prop.n | W7 LRC |
| Icelandic | þōrr | thunder | n | ASD LRC |
| Danish | torden | thunder | n | LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian | thuner, tonger | thunder | n.masc | ASD LRC |
| Old Frisian | Thunres-dei | Thursday, lit. Thor's day | prop.n | ASD LRC |
| Dutch | donder | thunder | n | W7 LRC |
| Dutch | donderbus | blunderbuss | n | W7 LRC |
| Old Low German | thuner | thunder | n.masc | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | Toniris-tac | Thursday, lit. Thor's day | prop.n | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | þonar, donar | thunder | n.masc | W7 ASD LRC |
| German | Donar | Thor | prop.n | LRC |
| German | Donner | thunder | n.masc | LRC |
| German | Donnerstag | Thursday, lit. Thor's day | n.masc | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | detonatus | having thundered | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
| Latin | detono, detonare | to thunder down | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | tono, tonare | to thunder | vb | W7 LRC |
| Vulgar Latin | extono, extonare | to thunder | vb | W7 LRC |
| Spanish | tronada | thunderstorm | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Spanish | tronar | to thunder | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old French | eston(i)er | to astonish | vb | W7 CDC LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek | στενάχω | to sigh, groan, lament | vb | LRC |
| Homeric Greek | στονόεις | sad, wretched, causing sighs/groans | adj | LRC |