(s)p(ʰ)i̯ēu- : (s)pi̯ū-, (s)pīu̯-
to spit, spew, sputter
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [ved. (GB) aṣṭhaviṣam ‘habe gespuckt’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (YV) ní ṣṭhivati ‘spuckt, speit aus’, (AV) praty-áṣṭhivan ‘spuckten’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (Br.) tiṣṭheva ‘hat gespuckt’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lat. spuī ‘spuckte, spie’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lat. spuō, -ere ‘spucken, speien’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lit. spiáuju, (spiáuti) ‘spucken, speien’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. (+) pljujǫ, (pljьvati) ‘spucken, speien’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | got. (+) speiwan ‘speien’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. πτῡ́ω ‘spucke, speie’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. ἔπτυσα ‘spuckte, spie’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English | spǣtl, spātl | spittle | n.neut | W7 LRC |
| Old English | spittan, spyttan | to spit | vb.wk | W7 ASD LRC |
| Old English | spīwan | to spew | vb.str | W7 ASD LRC |
| Middle English | spetil | spittle | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | spewen | to spew | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | spitten | to spit | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | spouten | to spout | vb | W7 LRC |
| English | cuspidor | spittoon | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | hemoptysis | expectoration of blood from respiratory tract | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | ptyalin | amylase found in saliva | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | spew | to vomit | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | spit, spat | to expectorate, eject (saliva) from mouth | vb.str | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | spit | spittle | n | W7 LRC |
| English | spittle | saliva | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | spittoon | receptacle for spit | n | W7 LRC |
| English | spout | to eject (liquid) in a stream | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | sputter | to splutter, spit/squirt noisily from mouth | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | sputum | expectorated matter (incl. saliva etc.) | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian | spī(g)a | to spew | vb | ASD LRC |
| Middle Dutch | spoiten | to spout | vb | W7 LRC |
| Dutch | sputteren | to sputter | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old Saxon | spīwan | to spew | vb | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | spīwan | to spit, spew | vb | W7 LRC |
| German | speutzen, spützen | to spit | vb | ASD LRC |
| German | Spucke | spit | n.fem | LRC |
| German | spucken | to spit | vb | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic | spýja | to spew | vb | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | spýta | to spit | vb | ASD LRC |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic | speiwan | to spit | vb | ASD LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | conspuo, conspuere | to spit on | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | spuo, spuere | to spit | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | sputum | spit, spittle | n.neut | W7 LRC |
| Latin | sputus | spit | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
| New Latin | hemoptysis | expectoration of blood | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Portuguese | cuspidouro | cuspidor | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Portuguese | cuspir | to spit | vb | W7 LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek | πτύω | to spit | vb | LRC |
| Greek | ptyalon | saliva | n.neut | W7 LRC |
| Greek | ptysis | act of spitting | n.fem | W7 LRC |