1. sp(ʰ)er-, sp(ʰ)erə-
to rush, push away, act rashly, etc.
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. mā́ ápa sphariṣ ‘stoße nicht weg!’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. sphuráti ‘stößt weg’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[lat. sprēuī ‘stieß weg’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lat. spernō, -ere ‘wegstoßen; verachten’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. o-prěšę sę ‘stemmten sich, stützen sich’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ksl. -pьrǫ, (-prěti) sę ‘sich stemmen, stützen’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [aksl. prě-pьrěšę ‘überredeten’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aksl. (+) pьrjǫ, (pьrěti) ‘streiten, widersprechen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aksl. (+) -perǫ, (-pьrati) ‘(zer)treten’{12} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?arm. spar̄nam ‘drohe’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [an. (+) sperna/sporna, ae. spornan ‘wegstoßen’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?an. (+) sperra ‘spreizen, hindern, mit Sparren versehen’{11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | jav. -sparat̰ ‘stieß, trat’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lit. spiriù, (spìrti) ‘mit dem Fuß stoßen, ausschlagen; sich stemmen’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | heth. isparranzi ‘treten nieder; breiten hin’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [heth. ispāri, isparanzi ‘niedertreten; hinbreiten’{13} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. áspar ‘hat gerettet’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. spr̥ṇuhi ‘mache los, befreie!’; spr̥ṇavāma ‘wir wollen gewinnen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (TB) spāráya- ‘retten, befreien; gewinnen, erwerben’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. áspārṣam ‘habe gerettet’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (AVP) paspāra ‘hat befreit’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Cross References - Pokorny
pʰer-sp(ʰ)erd(ʰ)-, (s)p(ʰ)red(ʰ)-, nasalized sp(ʰ)rend(ʰ)-Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English | spora, spura | spur | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Old English | spurnan, spornan | to spurn, kick | vb.str | W7 ASD LRC |
| Middle English | spore, spure | spur | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | spurnen | to spurn | vb | W7 LRC |
| English | hemisphere | half-sphere; one-half of Earth | n | TLL LRC |
| English | sphere | ball, round object | n | LRC |
| English | spoor | track/trail of animal | n | AHD LRC |
| English | spur | pointed device on rider's heel for urging horse | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | spurn | to stumble | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon | spurnan | to spurn, tread, strike with feet | vb | LRC |
| Old High German | sporo | spur | n | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | spurnan | to spurn, kick | vb | W7 LRC |
| German | Sporn | spur | n.masc | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | spyrna, spyrnad | to spurn, kick, place the feet | vb | LRC |
| Icelandic | sperna | to spurn, kick | vb | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | spori | spur | n | ASD LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | asper, aspera, asperum | rough, harsh | adj | LRC |
| Latin | sperno, spernere | to spurn | vb | W7 LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek | σπαίρω | to gasp, quiver | vb | LRC |
| Greek | σφαῖρα | sphere | n | LRC |