| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|
| Celtic |
| Middle Irish | art | bear | n | LRC |
| Breton | ors | bear | n | LRC |
| English |
| Middle English | Arctour, Arture, Arthurus | Arcturus | prop.n | AHD LRC |
| Middle English | artik | arctic | adj | W7 LRC |
| English | arctic | re: north, polar region | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | Arcturus | Alpha Bootes: bright yellow-orange star | prop.n | AHD LRC |
| English | Artemis | goddess of the hunt (Greek mythology) | prop.n | LRC |
| English | ursine | re: bear | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| Italic |
| Latin | arcticus | arctic; re: bear | adj | W7 LRC |
| Latin | Arctūrus | Arcturus | prop.n.masc | AHD LRC |
| Latin | ursa | she-bear | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | ursus | bear | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Late Latin | arcticus | arctic: northern | adj | CDC LRC |
| Medieval Latin | articus | arctic | adj | AHD LRC |
| Portuguese | arctico | arctic | adj | CDC LRC |
| Spanish | arctico | arctic | adj | CDC LRC |
| Old French | artique | arctic | adj | CDC LRC |
| French | arctique | arctic | adj | CDC LRC |
| Old Occitan | artic | arctic | adj | CDC LRC |
| Italian | artico | arctic | adj | CDC LRC |
| Hellenic |
| Homeric Greek | ἄρκτος | bear; Ursa Major | n.masc | LRC |
| Homeric Greek | Ἄρτεμις | Artemis | prop.n.fem | LS LRC |
| Greek | arktikos | arctic; re: bear | adj | W7 LRC |
| Greek | Arktouros | Arcturus, lit. bear-watcher | prop.n.masc | AHD LRC |
| Anatolian |
| Hittite | hartagga- | bear | n | LRC |
| Armenian |
| Armenian | arǰ | bear | n | LRC |
| Indo-Iranian |
| Avestan | arəšō | bear | n | LRC |
| Sanskrit | ŕ̥kṣaḥ | bear | n | LRC |