1. reu-, rēu-, rū̆-
(onomatopoeic: to roar, rout, round, etc.)
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [ved. ruváti ‘brüllt’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. árāvit ‘hat gebrüllt’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | (spät)ved. rāvayati ‘läßt brüllen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | jav. Ptz. (athem.) uruuatō ‘des brüllenden’ [aksl. (+) revǫ/rovǫ, (rjuti/ruti) ‘brülle’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?[gr. (Pi., Hdt.+) ὠρῡ́ομαι ‘heule, brülle’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ?aksl. -ru ‘brüllte’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [ai. luñc ‘rupfen’{1} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lat. runcō, -āre ‘jäten’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. ὀρύσσω, att. ὀρύττω ‘grabe, scharre’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. ὄρυξα ‘grub, scharrte’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | gr. (Hdt.+) ὀρώρυκτο ‘war gegraben’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | ved. rodiṣi ‘du weinst’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. árodayat ‘ließ weinen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (AV) árudat ‘hat geweint’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [jav. uruqən ‘sie weinen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aav. raostā ‘weinte’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [alat. rŭdō, -ere ‘schreien, brüllen’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [ae. (+) rēotan ‘weinen, klagen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | alit. raumi ‘wehklage’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [ačech. ruditi ‘betrüben’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | lat. rūpī ‘brach, zerriß etw.’{1} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [lat. rumpō, -ere ‘etw. brechen, zerreißen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | [ved. (AV) lumpáti ‘zerbricht etw.’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (TB) rúpyati ‘hat reißende Schmerzen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (AVP) ropayati ‘verursacht Schmerzen’, (JB) lopayati ‘läßt zerbrechen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (ŚB) lulopa ‘hat zerbrochen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | aav. urūpaiieiṇti Y. 48,10 ‘haben Bauchkrämpfe’{3a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | an. (+) reyfa ‘durchbohren, zerreißen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | an. (+) rjúfa ‘brechen, zerreißen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | an. (+) rauf ‘brach, zerriß’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | aksl. (+) rušǫ, rušiti ‘zerstören, vernichten’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | lit. rausiù, (raũsti) ‘wühlen, graben’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | an. (+) ryðja ‘roden, aufräumen’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | mhd. rieten ‘ausrotten’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Cross References - Pokorny
6. rē-reibʰ-Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Middle Irish | rucht | roar | n.masc | W7 IED LRC |
| English | ||||
| Old English | rēoc | wild, fierce, savage | adj | W7 LRC |
| Old English | rēon | to mourn, lament | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old English | rēotan | to weep, wail | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old English | rūn | rune, writing; secret, mystery | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Old English | rūnian | to round | vb.wk | W7 ASD LRC |
| Middle English | riot | riot | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | rounen | to round | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | rowten | to rout | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | rumour | rumor | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | rutte | rut | n | W7 LRC |
| English | raucous | hoarse, disagreeably harsh/strident | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | riot | debauchery, profligate behavior | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | rote | surf noise on shore | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | round | to whisper, mutter, mumble, talk low | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | rout | to bellow, low loudly | vb.intrans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | rumor | hearsay, talk/opinion with no discernible source | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | rune | letter in ancient Germanic alphabet | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | rut | male deer's (annual state of) sexual excitement | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Dutch | rūnen | to round | vb | ASD LRC |
| Old Saxon | rūna | rune, counsel, conference | n | ASD LRC |
| Old Low German | rūnan | to round, murmur | vb | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | riuzan | to weep, bewail; make harsh noise | vb | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | rūna | rune, whisper, secret discussion | n | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | rūnēn | to round, murmur, grumble | vb | ASD LRC |
| German | Rune | rune | n.fem | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | rauta | to roar | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old Norse | rūn | rune, secret, mystery | n | LRC |
| Icelandic | rjōta | to roar, rattle | vb | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | rūn | rune, counsel | n | ASD LRC |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic | rūna | rune, counsel; secret, mystery | n.str.fem | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | raucus | hoarse | adj | W7 LRC |
| Latin | rudo, rudere | to roar, cry out | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | rugio, rugīre | to roar | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | rumor, rumoris | rumor, gossip; murmur, humming noise | n.masc | LRC |
| Late Latin | rugitus | roar | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Old French | riot | dispute | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | rumour | rumor, gossip; humming noise | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | rut | roar | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek | ὠρύομαι | to howl | vb | LRC |