(s)gʷesh₂-
verb · to extinguish
Attested in Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Celtic, Graeco-Phrygian, Tokharian, Indo-Iranian
Reconstructions in Pokorny (1959)
gʷes-, zgʷes- ‘to extinguish’
| Language | Reflex | Gloss | Grammar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Czech | o-hyzda | Ekel, Abscheu | |
| Czech | hyzditi | tadeln, schmähen, verwerfen | |
| Middle Low German | quād | stercus | |
| Middle High German | kōt | Kot | |
| Middle High German | kāt | Kot | |
| Modern High German | Kot | ||
| Middle Low German | quād | böse, häßlich, verderbt | |
| Middle Dutch | qwaet | böse, häßlich, verderbt | |
| Dutch | kwaad | böse, häßlich, verderbt | |
| Middle German | quād | böse, ekel, schwach | |
| Middle Irish | buadraim | trübe, verwirre | |
| Low German,Modern Low German | quadder | schmutzige Feuchtigkeit, Schleim | |
| Middle Low German | koder | Schleim | |
| Modern High German (dialectal) | koder | zäher Schleim, Schnupfen | |
| Modern High German (dialectal) | Köder | zäher Schleim, Schnupfen | |
| Low German,Modern Low German | quassen | (in Feuchtem) quatschen | |
| Low German,Modern Low German | quasken | quatschen | |
| Low German,Modern Low German | quatsken | quatschen | |
| Modern High German | quatschen | ||
| English | quask | ||
| English | squash | ||
| Germanic | Quadi | ||
| Old English | cwēad | Kot | |
| Old Frisian | quād | schlecht | |
| Old Russian | guditi | calumniari, blasphemare, accusare | |
| poln. mdartl. | gizd | Ekel, Schmutz, unreiner Mensch | |
| ahd. mhd. | quāt | Kot | |
| Slovak | ohuda | Scheusal | |
| Ukrainian | ohúda | Tadel | |
| Serbian | gízda | Stolz, Eleganz, Schmuck, Anmut | |
| Tirolean German | kōt | ekelhaftes Tier | |
| Tirolean German | köter | allerhand Ungeziefer | |
| Modern Welsh,Welsh | budr | schmutzig | |
| Modern Welsh,Welsh | budro | beschmutzen |
Reconstructions in Rix et al. (2001)
(s)gʷesh₂- (verb) extinguish
| Language | Reflex | Gloss | Grammar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek | ἔσβη | erlosch | root aorist |
| Greek | ζείναμεν | lösche (aus) | nasal-infix present |
| Greek | σβέννυμεν | lösche (aus) | nasal-infix present |
| Ionic Greek | σβέννῡμι | lösche (aus) | nasal-infix present |
| Lithuanian | gę́sa | erlischt | nasal-infix present |
| Greek | *σβοάω, *ζοάω | lösche, dämpfe | éi̯e-causative–iterative |
| Latvian | dzešu | löschen | i̯e-causative–iterative |
| Latvian | dzèst | löschen | i̯e-causative–iterative |
| Lithuanian | gesaũ | löschen | i̯e-causative–iterative |
| Lithuanian | gesàti | löschen | i̯e-causative–iterative |
| Greek | σβῆτε | löscht! | s-aorist |
| Greek | ἔσβεσα | löschte (aus) | s-aorist |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | u-gasъ | erlosch | root aorist |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | u-gasnǫti | erlöschen | nasal-infix present |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | u-gašetъ | erlöschen | zero-grade i̯é-present |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | u-gasati | erlöschen | zero-grade i̯é-present |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | u-gašǫ | auslöschen | i̯e-causative–iterative |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | u-gasiti | auslöschen | i̯e-causative–iterative |
| Tocharian AB | ksetär | erlöschen | root aorist |
| Tocharian AB | keṣäṃ | erlöschen | perfect |
| Tocharian AB | kesasta | erloschst | s-aorist |
| Tocharian AB | kessante | erloschen | s-aorist |
| Vedic Sanskrit | dasat | verschmachtet(e) | root aorist |
| Vedic Sanskrit | jásamāna- | hungrig, verschmachtend | root aorist |
| Vedic Sanskrit | dásamāna- | hungrig, verschmachtend | root aorist |
| Tocharian AB | ksalune | erlöschen | root aorist |
| Vedic Sanskrit | ní jasyata | verschmachtet! | zero-grade i̯é-present |
| Vedic Sanskrit | dásyati | erschöpft sich, schwindet | zero-grade i̯é-present |
| Vedic Sanskrit | ní jajāsa | ist vergangen | perfect |
| Vedic Sanskrit | saṃ-dadasvām̐s- | erloschen | perfect |
| Younger Avestan | jaxšuuāh | ? | perfect |
| Tocharian AB | käṣt | erlöschen | perfect |
| Vedic Sanskrit | dasayanta | erschöpfen sich | éi̯e-causative–iterative |
| Vedic Sanskrit | jāsaya | vernichte, lasse verschmachten! | éi̯e-causative–iterative |
| Vedic Sanskrit | dāsayati | erschöpft, macht erschöpft | éi̯e-causative–iterative |
| Vedic Sanskrit | mā́ ... ví dāsit | nicht soll dahinschwinden | s-aorist |
| Vedic Sanskrit | jajastám | entkräftet! | reduplicated aorist |
| Tocharian AB | kaksānt | auslöschen, blenden(?) | reduplicated aorist |
| Tocharian AB | kākso | auslöschen, blenden(?) | reduplicated aorist |