1. ǵen-, ǵenə-, ǵnē-, ǵnō-

to bear, produce, generate

Reflexes - Liv

LanguageReflex(es)GlossGrammarSources
NYI
NYIved. ajani RV 8,6,10 ‘ich bin geboren’{3}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[ved. Aor. ájijanat ‘hat erzeugt, hat geschaffen’{9}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. jánati ‘(er)zeugt, gebiert’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. jā́yate ‘wird geboren’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. jajā́na ‘hat erzeugt, hat geboren’, Med. jajñā ‘ist geboren’{16a}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. janáyati ‘(er)zeugt, gebiert’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIved. ájaniṣṭa ‘ist geboren, ist entstanden’{18}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[arm. cnaw ‘gebar; wurde geboren’{4}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[gr. ἐγένετο## ‘wurde geboren, entstand’{5}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[gr. γίγνομαι ‘ich werde’{11}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIgr. γέγονα ‘bin geboren, bin geworden’{17}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIgr. ἐγείνατο, äol. (ἐ)γέννατο ‘gebar’{19}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[lat. genuī ‘erzeugte, gebar’{6}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[lat. gignō, -ere ‘erzeugen’{12}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIalat. genunt ‘sie erzeugen’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIlat. nāscor, nāscī ‘geboren werden, entstehen’{22}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI?[altbritann. gnat ‘machte’{7}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIair. 3s rel. gainethar ‘der geboren wird’{16}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[air. gānair ‘wurde geboren’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIair. -genathar ‘soll geboren werden’{20}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIair. -gní, -gníat ‘machen’{21}NYI..LIV TOL
NYItoch.B Konj. II kantär ‘wird zustande kommen’{8}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI?toch. Konj. III B knetär, A knatär ‘wird zustande kommen’{15}NYI..LIV TOL
NYItoch.B knastär, A knäṣtär ‘kommt zustande’{23}NYI..LIV TOL
NYI[jav. zizanəṇti ‘sie erzeugen’{10}NYI..LIV TOL
NYIkhot. 1s ysanimä ‘gebäre’{14}, sogd. zn- ‘erzeugen’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIjav. zaiieiti ‘wird geboren’NYI..LIV TOL
NYIae. cennan ‘erzeugen’NYI..LIV TOL

Reflexes - Pokorny

LanguageReflex(es)GlossGrammarSources
English
Middle Englishalkynof all kindsadjMEV LRC
Middle EnglishkindredkindrednW7 LRC
Middle EnglishbenignebenignadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishdegeneratdegenerateadjW7 LRC
Middle Englishengendrento engendervbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishenginenginenW7 LRC
Middle EnglishgendregendernW7 LRC
Middle Englishgendrento gender, engendervbW7 LRC
Middle EnglishgeneralgeneraladjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishgenitalgenitaladjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishgenitivegenitiveadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishgentgentadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishgentilgentleadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishgentilegentilenW7 LRC
Middle Englishgentrise, gentriegentrynW7 LRC
Middle Englishgermainhaving the same parentsadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishinnatinnateadjW7 LRC
Middle Englishkinkin(dred)nW7 LRC
Middle EnglishkindekindnW7 LRC
Middle EnglishkingkingnW7 LRC
Middle EnglishmalignemalignadjW7 LRC
Middle Englishmalignento malignvbW7 LRC
Middle Englishmankunde, mankyn(de)mankindnMEV LRC
Middle EnglishnaciounnationnW7 LRC
Middle EnglishnatalnataladjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishnatifnativeadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishnaturenaturenW7 LRC
Middle EnglishpregnantpregnantadjW7 LRC
Middle EnglishprogenieprogenynW7 LRC
Middle EnglishprogenitorprogenitornW7 LRC
Englishgentlehobbitnoble/gentle hobbit in Tolkien: The Lord of the RingsnLRC
Englishkingsfoilhealing herb in Tolkien: The Lord of the RingsnLRC
Englishindigentneedy, impoverishedadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishoncogenesistumor formation/developmentnAHD LRC
Englishhormogoniumportion of cyanobacterium filamentnAHD LRC
Englishadnategrown fast to something differentadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishagnaterelated/relative on father's sideadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishallogeneicre: genetic dissimilarityadjAHD LRC
Englisharchegoniumflask-shaped egg-producing sex organnAHD W7 LRC
Englishbenigngracious, of gentle dispositionadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishcognaterelated by bloodadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishcongenermember of same genus as another plant/animalnAHD W7 LRC
Englishcongenialkindred, having same tastes/nature/dispositionadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishcongenitalexisting at/dating from birthadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishconnateinborn, innateadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishdegeneratedeparted from proper qualityadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishdysgenicyielding offspring inferior to parentadjTLL LRC
Englishenatematernal female relativenAHD LRC
Englishendogenousgrown from withinadjTLL LRC
Englishengenderto beget, procreatevbAHD W7 LRC
Englishenginewile, ingenuity; agent; devicenAHD W7 LRC
Englishepigoneimitative followernAHD W7 LRC
Englisherogenoussexually sensitiveadjAHD W7 LRC
Englisheugenicyielding offspring superior to parentadjTLL LRC
Englisheugenicsethics/genetics re: producing superior offspringnTLL LRC
English-genproducern.sfxAHD W7 LRC
EnglishgendersexnAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenderto engendervbAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenepart of germ plasm transmitting hereditary charactersnAHD W7 LRC
Englishgeneralinvolving/applicable to wholeadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenerateto bring into existencevb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenerationoffspring at same stage of descentnAHD LRC
Englishgenericgeneral, re: whole group/classadjAHD W7 LRC
EnglishgeneroushighbornadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenesisbirth/origin/coming into beingnAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenialre: marriage/generationadjAHD W7 LRC
English-genicthat generatesadj.sfxAHD W7 LRC
EnglishgenitalgenerativeadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenitive(grammatical case) re: relationship of possessor/sourceadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenitorone who creates/producesnAHD LRC
Englishgeniturebirth, nativitynAHD W7 LRC
Englishgeniusattendant spirit of person/placenAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenocidedestruction of racial/cultural/political groupnAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenotypetype species, genetic constitutionnAHD W7 LRC
English-genousthat generatesadj.sfxAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenresort, kindnAHD W7 LRC
EnglishgensRoman clan embracing families of same male stocknAHD W7 LRC
Englishgentpretty, gracefuladjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenteelstylish, having aristocratic qualityadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgentilere: non-Jewish peoplesadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgentileperson of non-Jewish faith/stocknAHD W7 LRC
Englishgentlere: family with high social statusadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgentlemanman of noble/gentle birthnW7 LRC
Englishgentryqualities appropriate to person of gentle birthn.obsAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenuinetrue, actually having reputed/apparent character/qualitiesadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgenusclass/group/kind characterized by common attribute(s)nAHD W7 LRC
English-genyproduction, generationn.sfxAHD W7 LRC
Englishgermpart of living substance able to develop into wholenAHD W7 LRC
Englishgermanhaving same parents/grandparents on maternal/paternal sideadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgermaneclosely akinadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgerminalre: earliest development stageadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgerminateto cause to sprout/developvbAHD W7 LRC
Englishgingerlycareful/cautious; with care/delicacyadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishgonadtestis, ovary, primary sex glandnAHD W7 LRC
English-gonygeneration, reproduction, manner of birthn.sfxAHD W7 LRC
Englishheterogeneousmixed, consisting of dissimilar partsadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishimpregnateto make pregnantvb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishindigenousproduced/growing/living naturally in region/environmentadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishingeniousshowing/calling for intelligenceadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishingenuousnoble, honorableadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishinnatenative, existing in/belonging to individual from birthadjAHD W7 LRC
EnglishjauntygenteeladjAHD W7 LRC
Englishkinclan, person(s) of common ancestrynAHD W7 LRC
Englishkindloving, gentle, friendly, affectionateadjW7 LRC
Englishkindtype, sort, naturenAHD W7 LRC
Englishkindergartenyoung children's class/schoolnAHD W7 LRC
Englishkindredrelative(s), related individual(s)nW7 LRC
Englishkingmale monarch of major territorial unitnAHD W7 LRC
Englishmaligninjurious, evil in effect/nature/influenceadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishmalignto utter false/evil/misleading reports aboutvb.transAHD W7 LRC
Englishmankindhuman race, all human beingsnW7 LRC
Englishmiscegenationmixture of racesnAHD W7 LRC
EnglishMorgul-kingNazgûl king in Tolkien: The Lord of the Ringsprop.nLRC
Englishnaiveingenuous, artless, marked by unaffected simplicityadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishnascentre: being born/brought forthadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishnatalnative, re: birthadjAHD W7 LRC
EnglishnationnationalitynAHD W7 LRC
Englishnativeinnate, inbornadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishnatureessence, inherent character/basic constitutionnAHD W7 LRC
Englishneere: identifying woman by maiden nameadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishneonatalre: newborn (human) infantadjW7 LRC
Englishneonatenewborn infantnAHD LRC
EnglishNoelChristmasprop.nAHD LRC
EnglishnoelChristmas carolnW7 LRC
Englishpregnantgravid, containing unborn youngadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishprimogenitorancestor, forefathernAHD W7 LRC
Englishprimogeniturefirstborn of children of same parentsnAHD W7 LRC
Englishprogenitorforefather, ancestor in direct linenAHD W7 LRC
Englishprogenychildren, offspring, descendantsnAHD W7 LRC
Englishpunyweak, slight/inferior in size/power/importanceadjAHD W7 LRC
Englishrenaissancetransition between medieval/modern times in EuropenAHD W7 LRC
Englishsyngeneicgenetically identical, closely related, immunologically compatibleadjAHD LRC
Englishwunderkindchild prodigynAHD W7 LRC
Old Englishcænnan, cynnanto bear, beget, conceive, bring forthvb.wk.IASD LRC
Old Englishcennan, cennede, cennedto bear, beget, conceive, bring forthvb.wk.ILRC
Old Englishcnōslracen.str.neutGED LRC
Old Englishcyndkind, species; originnRPN LRC
Old Englishcyne-rīce, cyne-rȳcekingdomn.neutGED ASD LRC
Old Englishcy(ni)ngkingn.mascGED ASD LRC
Old Englishcynnkin(d), race, species; progenyn.neutGED RPN LRC
Old Englishmon(n)-cynn, man(n)-cynnmankindn.neutLRC
Celtic
Old Irishgainetharis bornvb.3.sgGED LRC
Old Irishgeinbirthn.neutGED LRC
Bretongenelto bear, give birthvbLRC
Welshgen(n)ito be born, give birthvbGED RPN LRC
West Germanic
Old Frisiankanna, kennato beget, conceivevbASD LRC
Old Frisiankening, keneng, kini(n)g, koningkingnASD LRC
Old Frisiankenn, kinnkin, race, generationnGED LRC
FrisiankeningkingnASD LRC
Frisiankinnento beget, conceivevbASD LRC
Dutchkindchildn.neutASD LRC
Dutchkoningkingn.mascASD LRC
DutchnatuurnaturenTLL LRC
Old Saxoncnōsal, knōsalracen.str.neutGED ASD LRC
Old Saxoncuni(n)g, kuningkingn.mascGED ASD LRC
Old Saxonkennianto beget, conceivevbASD LRC
Old Saxonkindchildn.str.neutLRC
Old Saxonkunnirace, generationnGED LRC
Old Saxonman-kunnimankindnASD LRC
Old High Germanchnōt, chnuotracen.str.femGED LRC
Old High Germanchnuosalracen.str.neutGED LRC
Old High Germanchuning, kuningkingn.str.mascGED LRC
Old High Germanchuni-rīchekingdomnGED LRC
Old High Germanchunnikin, kind, race, generationn.str.neutGED RPN LRC
Old High Germankannjanto beget, conceivevbASD LRC
Old High Germankind, kintchildn.str.neutASD LRC
Old High Germanknōsli, knuoslikin, racen.neutASD LRC
Old High Germanman-chunnimankindn.neutASD LRC
Middle High Germankintchildn.neutASD LRC
Middle High Germankünic, kün(e)ckingn.mascASD LRC
GermanEpigonefollower, descendantn.mascW7 LRC
GermanGengene, factorn.neutW7 LRC
GermanKind, Kinderchildn.neutW7 LRC
GermanKindergartenkindergartenn.mascW7 LRC
GermanKnösellittle mann.mascASD LRC
GermanKönigkingn.mascASD LRC
GermanNaturnaturen.femTLL LRC
GermanWunderkindchild prodigyn.neutW7 LRC
North Germanic
Old Norsekindchild, offspring; racen.femLRC
Old IcelandickonungrkingnGED LRC
Old Icelandickynkin(d), race, speciesn.femGED RPN LRC
Old Icelandicmann-kynmankindn.femASD LRC
Icelandickindkind, speciesn.femASD LRC
Icelandickōngr, konungrkingn.mascASD LRC
Danishkjendeto beget, conceivevbASD LRC
Danishkonge, konningkingn.mascASD LRC
DanishnaturnaturenTLL LRC
Swedishko(nu)ng, kungkingn.mascASD LRC
Swedishkännato beget, conceivevbASD LRC
SwedishnaturnaturenTLL LRC
East Germanic
GothichiminakundsheavenlyadjLRC
Gothickindinsgovernorn.str.mascLRC
Gothic*knoþsrace, kindredn.femGED LRC
Gothickunikin(d), race, generationn.neutGED RPN LRC
Gothicniuklahsyoung, childishadjLRC
Italic
Old Latingenuntthey begetvb.3.plGED LRC
Latinadgnascor, adgnascī, adgnatusto grow onvb.depW7 LRC
Latinagnascor, agnascī, agnatusto be born in addition tovb.depW7 LRC
Latinbenignuskind, benignadjW7 LRC
Latincognatuscognate, akin toadjW7 LRC
Latincongenerson-in-lawn.mascW7 LRC
Latincongenitusborn withadjW7 LRC
Latindegenero, degenerare, degeneravi, degeneratusto degeneratevbW7 LRC
Latingeneralisre: genreadjW7 LRC
Latingenerō, generāre, generāvī, generātusto beget, generatevbW7 LRC
LatingenerosusnobleadjW7 LRC
Latingenialisbridal, of wedding, joyfuladjW7 LRC
Latingenitalisof childbearingadjW7 LRC
Latingenitivus, genetivusgenitive, of birthadjW7 LRC
Latingenitorbegettern.mascW7 LRC
Latingeniturabirth, an engenderingn.femW7 LRC
Latingeniuspersonal godn.mascW7 LRC
Latingenō, genāreto beget, give birthvbRPN LRC
Latingens, gentisclan, tribe, race, kindred groupn.femLRC
Latingentilisre: same clan/nationadjW7 LRC
Latingenuinusnative, genuineadjW7 LRC
Latingenus, generisrace, birth, genusn.neutGED RPN LRC
Latingermanusgermane, having same parentsadjW7 LRC
Latingermen, germinisbud, germ, seed, shootn.neutW7 LRC
Latingerminō, germināre, germināvī, germinātusto sproutvbW7 LRC
Latingīgnō, genere, genuī, genitusto beget, produce, generate, give birthvbGED RPN LRC
Latin(g)nātusbornadjGED LRC
Latin-goniahaving sidessfxW7 LRC
Latinindigenanative (of the country)n.mascGED LRC
Latiningenero, ingenerareto engendervbW7 LRC
LatiningeniosustalentedadjW7 LRC
Latiningeniumnatural disposition, talentn.neutW7 LRC
Latiningens, ingentisgreatadjLRC
Latiningenuusfree, natural, nobleadjW7 LRC
Latininnascor, innasci, innatusto be born invbW7 LRC
Latinmalignusmalicious, meanadjW7 LRC
Latinnāscor, nāscī, nātusto arise, be born/producedvb.depLRC
Latinnatalisrelating to birth, birthdayadjW7 LRC
Latinnātiō, nātiōnisbirth; race, nationn.femLRC
Latinnativusof the birthadjW7 LRC
Latinnaturanaturen.femW7 LRC
Latinnaturalis, naturalis, naturalenaturaladjLRC
Latinpraegnans, praegnantispregnant, impregnatedadjW7 LRC
Latinpraegnaspregnant, impregnatedadjW7 LRC
Latinprogeniesrace, family, progenyn.femLRC
Latinprogenitorparent, ancestor, progenitorn.mascW7 LRC
Latinprogigno, progignere, progenui, progenitusto beget, give birth tovbW7 LRC
Latinrenascor, renascito be born againvb.depW7 LRC
Latinsingulus, singula, singulumsingle, individualadjLRC
Late Latinconnascor, connasci, connatusto be born togethervb.depW7 LRC
Late Latinimpraegnō, impraegnāre, impraegnāvī, impraegnātusto make pregantvbW7 LRC
Late LatinindigenusindigenousadjW7 LRC
Late Latinmalignor, malignārito act maliciouslyvb.depW7 LRC
Late Latinprimogenitororigin, first begettern.mascW7 LRC
Late Latinprimogenituraprimogeniture, first begotten childrenn.femW7 LRC
Medieval Latinheterogen(e)usheterogeneousadjW7 LRC
New Latinarchegoniumoriginatorn.neutW7 LRC
New Latingonas, gonadisgonadn.femW7 LRC
Old FrenchbenignebenignadjAHD LRC
Old Frenchenginengine, machinen.mascW7 LRC
Old Frenchgentgens; kind, clan, familyn.femW7 LRC
Old Frenchgentilnoble, courageousadjW7 LRC
Old Frenchnaïfinborn, naturaladjW7 LRC
Old Frenchprogénieascendance, family, lineagen.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchbenignebenign, good-naturedadjW7 LRC
Middle Frenchengendrerto engendervbW7 LRC
Middle Frenchgendreson-in-lawn.mascW7 LRC
Middle Frenchgendrerto generatevbW7 LRC
Middle Frenchgeneralgeneral, re: kindadjW7 LRC
Middle FrenchgenereusgenerousadjW7 LRC
Middle Frenchgenregenre, gendern.mascW7 LRC
Middle FrenchgermainkindredadjW7 LRC
Middle Frenchingenieuxclever, ingeniousadjW7 LRC
Middle Frenchmalignemeanadj.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchmalignerto act maliciouslyvbW7 LRC
Middle Frenchnatifnative, re: birthadjW7 LRC
Middle Frenchnationnationn.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchnaturenaturen.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchnébornvb.ptcW7 LRC
Middle Frenchprogéniteurprogenitorn.mascW7 LRC
Middle Frenchpuisnéyounger, born afterwardadjW7 LRC
Middle Frenchrenaissancerebirthn.femW7 LRC
Middle Frenchrenaistreto be born againvbW7 LRC
French-gèneact of bringing forthadj.sfxW7 LRC
FrenchgénériquegenericadjW7 LRC
Frenchgenretype, genren.mascW7 LRC
Frenchgentilnice, genteeladjW7 LRC
Frenchgermegerm, sproutn.mascW7 LRC
Frenchgerminalgerminal, re: germinationadjW7 LRC
Frenchnaîtreto be bornvbW7 LRC
Frenchnaïve, naïfnaiveadj.femW7 LRC
Frenchné, néebornvb.ptcW7 LRC
FrenchNoëlNoelprop.n.mascLRC
Frenchnoëlnoeln.mascLRC
Frenchrenaissance2nd birth, 2nd coming into fashionn.femW7 LRC
Balto-Slavic
LithuaniangentìskinsmannLRC
Lithuanianžéntasson-in-lawnLRC
Latvianznuõtsson-in-law, brother-in-lawn.mascGED LRC
Serbo-Croatianzȅtson-in-law, sister's husbandnLRC
Old Church Slavoniczjatьbridegroom, son-in-lawn.mascGED LRC
Old Church Slavoniczętъson-in-law, sister's husbandnLRC
Hellenic
Greekarchegonosoriginatorn.mascW7 LRC
Greekγενεήrace, family, generationn.femLRC
Greek-geneiabeing bornafxW7 LRC
Greekγένεσιςbirth, source, origin, beginningn.femLRC
Greek-genēsbirthafxW7 LRC
Greekgenikosgenitive; re: birthadjW7 LRC
Greekγεννάωto beget, give birthvbLRC
Greekγένοςbirth, race, stock, kindn.neutGED RPN LRC
Greekγίγνομαιto happen, become; arise, be bornvb.depGED RPN LRC
GreekγνήσιοςlegitimateadjGED LRC
Greekγνωτόςbrother, kinsman, well-known personn.femGED LRC
Greek-goniabirthafxW7 LRC
Greekγόνοςchild, offspring, descendantn.mascGED LRC
Greekepigignesthaito be born aftervbW7 LRC
Greekepigonossuccessorn.mascW7 LRC
GreekheterogenēsheterogeneousadjW7 LRC
Armenian
ArmeniancinbirthnGED RPN LRC
Armeniancnanimto beget, be bornvbGED RPN LRC
Indo-Iranian
Avestanzan-to bear, beget, be bornvbRPN LRC
Avestanzana-peoplenGED RPN LRC
AvestanzātabornadjGED LRC
Avestanzayeiteto be bornvbLRC
Avestanzīzəntithey bearvb.3.plGED LRC
Sanskritjánatito beget, createvbGED RPN LRC
Sanskritjanáyatito bear, begetvbGED LRC
Sanskritjánas-race, descent, lineagen.mascGED RPN LRC
SanskritjātásbornadjGED LRC
SanskritjñatiṣrelativenGED LRC
SanskritjñātásbornadjGED LRC