Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|
NYI |
NYI | heth. arta ‘stellte sich; stand’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?heth. arnuzi ‘liefert, befördert’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | heth. āraskizzi ‘gelangt wiederholt hin’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | heth. āri ‘kommt an, gelangt hin’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [ved. ā́rat ‘hat getroffen, ist gelangt zu’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. -r̥ṇóti* ‘bringt, läßt wohin gelangen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. r̥ccháti ‘erreicht, trifft, gerät in’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. ā́ra* ‘ist wohin geraten’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?aav. ārəm Y. 43,10 ‘bin gelangt zu’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ap. -ạrsatiy ‘kommt’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?gr. [ἔρετο· ὡρμήθη Hsch. ‘geriet in Bewegung’{4a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. ἔρχομαι ‘gehe, komme’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|
NYI |
NYI | [ved. (prá) ārta ‘hat sich in Bewegung gesetzt’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. íyarti ‘setzt in Bewegung’, ī́rte ‘setzt sich in Bewegung’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. r̥ṇóti, r̥ṇvánti ‘in Bewegung setzen’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?ved. ud-ā́ritha ‘hast dich erhoben’{14} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [aav. uz-ārəšuuā ‘mach dich auf!’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. *-iiōrəiti9 ‘setzt sich in Bewegung’; [aav. iratū ‘soll erreichen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. vii-āraiieite ‘läßt aufstehen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [arm. y-areay, Ipv. ari ‘sich erheben’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [arm. y-ar̄nem ‘erhebe mich’{11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. ὦρτο ‘erhob sich, stürzte los’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. ὄρνῡμι ‘treibe an, lasse losstürzen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. hom. ὄρωρε ‘ist (in Bewegung), dauert an’{15} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. hom. ὀρέοντο ‘setzten sich in Bewegung’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | {16} gr. ὦρσα ‘ließ losstürzen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?toch.B Konj. ertär ‘soll hervorrufen’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | toch.B ersate, A arsāt ‘rief hervor, erzeugte’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | toch.B erṣäṃ, A aräṣ ‘ruft hervor, erzeugt’{17} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [aksl. (+) rinǫti sę ‘sich stürzen’{12} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?## aksl. rastǫ, (rasti) ‘wachsen’{18} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | lat. orior, oritur, -iri ‘sich erheben, entstehen’{13} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?[ae. earð ‘du bist’{15a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|
NYI |
NYI | [aksl. (+) rějǫ, (rejati) ‘fließen’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [russ. (+) rínut’ ‘strömen, fließen’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. riṇā́ti ‘versetzt in unruhige Bewegung, läßt wirbeln’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. riyate ‘wirbelt, befindet sich in unruhiger Bewegung’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. (KS) alelet ‘zitterte’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. ὀρῑ́νω, lesb. ὀρίννω ‘wühle auf, wirble’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. hom. ὀρώρεται ‘ist (innerlich) aufgewühlt’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [got. (+) rinnan ‘rennen, laufen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | got. reiraiþ* ‘zittert’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?np. (+) riy- ‘scheißen’{7a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|
English |
English | Dimrill | high pass in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | abort | to bring forth premature/stillborn offspring | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | are | (thou) be | vb.anom.2.sg | AHD W7 LRC |
English | are | (we/you/they) be | vb.anom.pl | AHD W7 LRC |
English | arise, arose, arisen | to rise, get up | vb.str.intrans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Arod | Legolas' horse in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | art | (thou) are | vb.anom.arch.2.sg | AHD W7 LRC |
English | derive | to take/receive, esp. from specified source | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | earl | nobleman | n | LRC |
English | earnest | intent/serious mental state | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Eorl | 1st Rohan king in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Eorlingas | a.k.a. Rohirrim in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | Gilrain | Gondor river in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
English | hormogonium | portion of cyanobacterium filament | n | AHD LRC |
English | hormone | biological product circulating in sap/body fluid stimulating cell activity | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | orient | the east, eastern lands/regions | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | orient | to cause to face/point east | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | oriental | eastern, re: orient | adj | W7 LRC |
English | origin | parentage, ancestry | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | original | first, preceding all others | adj | AHD LRC |
English | raise | to cause/help to rise to upright position | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | rear | to construct, erect by building | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | rennet | stomach contents of unweaned animal | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | Rhine | major European transportation river | prop.n | LRC |
English | rill | very small brook | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | rill | channel made by small stream | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | rise, rose, risen | to assume upright position | vb.str.intrans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | rival | one striving to reach/obtain something that only one can possess | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | rivulet | brook, small stream | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | roam | to wander, go without direction | vb | IEW W7 LRC |
English | run, ran, run | to move on foot faster than walking speed | vb.str | AHD W7 LRC |
English | run | creek, stream | n | GED LRC |
English | runnel | streamlet, rivulet | n | AHD W7 LRC |
Old English | ærnan | to cause to run | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old English | a-rǣman | to raise, elevate, lift up | vb.wk | IEW ASD LRC |
Old English | arīsan, arās, arison, arisen | to arise | vb.str | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | arod | quick, swift; ready, prepared | adj | ASD LRC |
Old English | earon | are | vb.anom.3.pl | LRC |
Old English | eart | art | vb.anom.2.sg | W7 LRC |
Old English | earu | quick, swift; ready, prepared | adj | IEW LRC |
Old English | earun | are | vb.anom.pl | W7 LRC |
Old English | eorl | earl, warrior | n.masc | LRC |
Old English | eorl-scipe, eorl-scype | nobility, heroic deeds | n.indec.masc | ASD LRC |
Old English | eornost | earnest; duel, battle | n | GED LRC |
Old English | gerennan | to cause to coagulate | vb | W7 LRC |
Old English | iernan, iornan | to run, flow | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old English | irnan, arn, urnon, urnen | to run, flow | vb.str | ASD LRC |
Old English | rǣran | rear | n | W7 LRC |
Old English | rennan | to cause to run | vb | W7 LRC |
Old English | rinnan, rann, runnon, runnen | to run, flow | vb.str | GED ASD LRC |
Old English | rīsan, rās, rison, risen | to rise | vb.str | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | rīð | rill, brook, rivulet | n.masc | GED LRC |
Old English | ryne | run, stream | n.masc | GED LRC |
Old English | rynel | runnel | n | W7 LRC |
Northumbrian | aron | are | vb.anom.3.pl | AHD LRC |
Northumbrian | arrīsa | to arise | vb.intrans | CDC LRC |
Northumbrian | art(h) | art | vb.anom.2.sg | CDC LRC |
Middle English | are | are | vb.anom.pl | LRC |
Middle English | arisen | to arise | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | art, ert | art | vb.anom.2.sg | W7 CDC LRC |
Middle English | deriven | to derive | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | erl | earl | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | ernest | earnest | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | orient | orient | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | origine | origin | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | raisen | to raise | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | rennen | to cause to coagulate | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | rennet | rennet | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | reren | to rear | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | rinel | runnel | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | rinnen, ronnen | to run | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | risen | to rise | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | romen | to roam | vb | W7 LRC |
Celtic |
Old Irish | renn | rapid | adj | GED LRC |
Old Irish | rīan | sea | n | GED LRC |
Gaulish | Rēnos | Rhine river | prop.n | GED LRC |
Gaulish | rēnos | river | n | AHD LRC |
Gaulish | rhynn | fast; alive; agitated | adj | LRC |
West Germanic |
Old Frisian | blōd-rene | run, course | n | ASD LRC |
Old Frisian | renna | to cause to run | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | rinna | to run, flow | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old Frisian | rīsa | to rise | vb | ASD LRC |
Old Frisian | run | run, stream | n.masc | GED LRC |
Frisian | ril | rill | n | OED LRC |
Dutch | Rijn | Rhine river | prop.n | LRC |
Dutch | ril | rill | n | W7 LRC |
Old Saxon | erl | earl, man, male offspring | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Old Saxon | rennian | to cause to run | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | rīð | brook | n.masc | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | rinnan | to run, flow | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old Saxon | rīsan | to rise | vb | ASD LRC |
Low German | rille | rill | n | W7 LRC |
Old High German | ar-rīsan | to arise | vb.intrans | CDC LRC |
Old High German | ernust | earnest, firmness | n.str | GED LRC |
Old High German | ir-rīsan | to arise | vb.intrans | CDC LRC |
Old High German | rennan | to cause to run | vb.wk | GED LRC |
Old High German | rinnan | to run, flow | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old High German | rīsan | to rise | vb | W7 LRC |
Old High German | rōr(a) | reed, cane | n | KDW LRC |
Old High German | run | run, stream | n.masc | GED LRC |
Old High German | ur-rīsan | to arise | vb.intrans | CDC LRC |
Middle High German | ernest | earnest; battle | n.str.masc | GED LRC |
German | Ernst | earnest | n.masc | LRC |
German | rennen | to run | vb | LRC |
German | Rhein | Rhine river | prop.n | LRC |
German | Rille | rill | n.fem | W7 LRC |
German | rinnen | to flow, run | vb | LRC |
German | Rohr | reed, cane, pipe, tube, duct | n.neut | LRC |
German | Röhre | pipe; canal, channel, conduit | n.fem | TLL LRC |
North Germanic |
Old Norse | ert | thou art | vb.pres.2.sg | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | eru | they are | vb.pres.3.pl | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | erum | we are | vb.pres.1.pl | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | jarl | earl, free-born man, gentleman | n.masc | LRC |
Old Norse | reisa(t) | to raise, set up | vb | LRC |
Old Norse | renna | to cause to run | vb.wk | LRC |
Old Norse | reyrr | reed | n | LRC |
Old Norse | rinna | to run | vb.str | LRC |
Old Norse | ördugr, örðigr | quick, swift; ready, prepared | adj | ASD LRC |
Old Icelandic | ern | able, energetic | adj | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | rinna | to run, flow | vb.str | GED LRC |
Old Icelandic | runi | run, stream | n.masc | GED LRC |
Icelandic | earl, jarl | earl, chief, warrior, gentleman | n.masc | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | renna, rinna | to run, flow | vb | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | rīsa | to rise | vb | ASD LRC |
Icelandic | runi | flux, stream | n | ASD LRC |
Danish | er | am/are/is, are | vb.anom | TLL LRC |
Danish | rør | pipe | n | TLL LRC |
Swedish | rör | pipe | n | TLL LRC |
Swedish | är | am, are, is | vb.anom.sg | TLL LRC |
Swedish | äro | are | vb.anom.pl | TLL LRC |
East Germanic |
Gothic | *and-rinnan | to debate, dispute, discuss | vb.str.V | GED LRC |
Gothic | arniba | certain | adv | GED LRC |
Gothic | *at-rinnan | to run, come up | vb.str.V | GED LRC |
Gothic | *bi-rinnan | to surround, gather round | vb.str.V | GED LRC |
Gothic | *du-rinnan | to approach, run up | vb.str.V | GED LRC |
Gothic | *fair-rinnan | to reach, extend to | vb.str.V | GED LRC |
Gothic | *faur-rinnan | to precede, go before | vb.str.V | GED LRC |
Gothic | garuns | street | n.str.fem | LRC |
Gothic | raus | reed, stalk | n | KGW LRC |
Gothic | *rinnan | to run, walk, go | vb.str.V | GED LRC |
Gothic | runs | run, course | n | ASD LRC |
Gothic | urreisan | to arise | vb.str.I | LRC |
Gothic | urrinnan | to rise, come from, go forth | vb.str.III | LRC |
Italic |
Latin | aborior, aborīrī, abortus | to perish by untimely birth, disappear | vb | W7 LRC |
Latin | aborto, abortāre | to miscarry | vb | W7 LRC |
Latin | derivo, derivāre | to float away | vb | W7 LRC |
Latin | exorior, exorīrī, exortus | to arise, appear | vb.dep | LRC |
Latin | oriens, orientis | rising | vb.pres.ptc | W7 LRC |
Latin | origo, originis | rising, beginning | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Latin | orior, orīri | to rise, get up, be born | vb.dep | W7 LRC |
Latin | rivalis | of a stream | adj | W7 LRC |
Latin | rivulus | small stream | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Latin | rīvus | brook, stream | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | dériver | to derive, be washed away | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | orient | the East | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | orienter | to orient, guide | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | origine | origin, beginning | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Middle French | rival | rival | adj | W7 LRC |
French | orienter | to orient, guide | vb | W7 LRC |
Italian | rivoletto | rivulet | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Italian | rivolo | rivulet, brook | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Balto-Slavic |
Old Church Slavonic | ratь | battle | n | GED LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | rinǫti | to thrust | vb | GED LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | rěka | river | n.fem | LRC |
Russian | ronítь | to let fall | vb | GED LRC |
Paleo-Balkan |
Albanian | jerm | delirium | n | GED LRC |
Hellenic |
Homeric Greek | ὄρνῡμι | to move, awake, arise, arouse | vb | LRC |
Greek | ἀνατέλλειν | to make (the sun) rise | vb | GED LRC |
Greek | ἀπέρχομαι | to go back | vb | LRC |
Greek | εἰσέρχομαι | to enter | vb | LRC |
Greek | ἐξέρχομαι | to come out | vb.dep | LRC |
Greek | ἐρίζω | to quarrel | vb | LRC |
Greek | ἔρις | strife | n.fem | LRC |
Greek | ἔρχομαι | to come, go | vb | LRC |
Greek | ὀρίνω | to stir | vb | GED LRC |
Greek | hormē | impulse, assault | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | hormōn | assaulting | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
Greek | ὄρνυμαι | to begin | vb | GED LRC |
Greek | προσέρχομαι | to come to | vb | LRC |
Greek | συνέρχομαι | to unite, come together | vb.dep | LRC |
Anatolian |
Hittite | ar-ai-, ar-iya- | to rise, raise, rouse | vb | LRC |
Hittite | ar-i | to arrive | vb | LRC |
Hittite | ar-nu-mi | to bring, set in motion | vb | LRC |
Armenian |
Classical Armenian | ordi | son | n | LRC |
Armenian | ari | to arise, get up | vb | LRC |
Armenian | yarnem | to rise, get up | vb | GED LRC |
Indo-Iranian |
Avestan | ar- | to move, reach, raise | vb | LRC |
Sanskrit | ara | quick | adj | ASD LRC |
Sanskrit | iyarti | to set in motion | vb | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | irya | agile, energetic | adj | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | r̥ṇóti | to stir, move, arise | vb | LRC |
Sanskrit | r̥ṇváti | to move, arise | vb | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | r̥ti- | attack, battle | n | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | rayas | flood | n | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | ríṇvati | to cause to flow | vb | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | rināti | to cause to flow | vb | GED LRC |
Sanskrit | rī́yate | to begin to flow | vb | GED LRC |
Tocharian |
Tocharian B | er- | to cease, abandon, come to an end | vb | LRC |