bʰréh₂ter-
noun · brother
Attested in Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Italic, Armenic, Graeco-Phrygian, Indo-Iranian
Reconstructions in Pokorny (1959)
bhrā́ter- ‘brother’
| Language | Reflex | Gloss | Grammar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latvian | briêdis | Elen, Rothirsch | |
| Middle Irish | brosc | Lärm | |
| Modern High German | Gebresten | ||
| Middle High German | braschen | krachen, schreien, prahlen | |
| Latin | frutex | Staude, Strauch, Gesträuch | |
| Middle High German | briezen | knospen, schwellen | |
| Middle High German | briune | Unterleib, weibliche Scham | |
| Middle High German | brūne | Unterleib, weibliche Scham | |
| Latvian | braũna | Schorf, Schuppe, die beim Häuten oder Auskriechen aus Hüllen nachgelassene Haut, Eingeweide | |
| Latvian | braũṅa | Schorf, Schuppe, die beim Häuten oder Auskriechen aus Hüllen nachgelassene Haut, Eingeweide | |
| Czech | br-n-ka | Nachgeburt | |
| Lithuanian | briaunà | Kante, Rand, Gesims | |
| Lithuanian | braukiù | wischen, streichen; sich langsam bewegen | |
| Latvian | bràucu | fahren | |
| Lithuanian | brukù | Flachs schwingen, einzwängen | |
| Latvian | brukt | abbröckeln | |
| Latvian | brucinât | abreiben, die Sense streichen | |
| Lithuanian | braukýti | streichen | |
| Latvian | braũcût | streichen | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | bringe | männliches Elentier | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | brund | Männchen vom Renntier | |
| Old English | berstan | bersten, brechen | |
| Old Icelandic | bersta | bersten, krachen | |
| Old English | byrst | Schaden | |
| Old Icelandic | brasta | lärmen, prahlen | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | bras | das Prasseln, Reisholz | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | brisk | Wacholder | |
| Old Icelandic | broma | Bruchstück | |
| Old English | breoðan | zerbrechen | |
| Old English | brēotan | zerbrechen | |
| Old Icelandic | briōta | brechen | |
| Old Icelandic | broti | Haufen gefällter Bäume, Verhau | |
| Old Icelandic | braut | Weg | |
| Old Icelandic | breyta | ändern | |
| Old Icelandic | breyskr | zerbrechlich, spröde | |
| Old Icelandic | brytia | teilen, austeilen | |
| Old English | bryttian | teilen, austeilen | |
| Old Icelandic | bryti | Vorschneider, d. i. der vornehmste der Knechte; Art Gutsverwalter | |
| Old English | brytta | Austeiler | |
| Old Icelandic | brūn | Kante | |
| Old Icelandic | brȳna | wetzen | |
| Old Icelandic | brȳni | Wetzstein | |
| Old High German | brestan | bersten, brechen | |
| Old High German | brest(o) | Gebrechen | |
| Old High German | brust | Bruch, Nachteil | |
| Old High German | brastōn | prasseln | |
| Old Irish | broth | Granne, Haar | |
| Old High German | brōdi | zerbrechlich | |
| Old High German | bruzī | Gebrechlichkeit | |
| Old High German | bruzzī | Gebrechlichkeit | |
| Old Irish | fris-brudi | weist zurück | |
| Old Irish | brū | Rand, Ufer | |
| Old Irish | bruach | Rand, Ufer | |
| ahd. mhd. | broz | Knospe, Sprosse | |
| Sanskrit | bhrūṇá-m | Embryo | |
| ags. mhd. | brūn | scharf |
Reconstructions in Wodtko et al. (2008)
noun brother
| Language | Reflex | Gloss | Grammar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | ełbayr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Armenian | ełbawr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Ionic Greek | φρήτηρ | ἀδελφός | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Doric | φρατήρ | Mitglied einer Phratrie | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Latin | frāter | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Gothic | broþar | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Gothic | broþrs | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Middle Welsh,Welsh | brawt | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Middle Welsh,Welsh | brodyr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Middle Breton | breuzr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Breton | breudeur | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Lithuanian | broterė̃lis | Brüderchen | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Latvian | brātarītis | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Late Latin | frātruēlis | Sohn des Bruders | *bʰrah₂tr-u̯-ii̯o- |
| Greek | φράτρα | Bruderschaft, Geschlechtsgenossenschaft, Phratrie | *bʰrah₂tr-o/ah₂- |
| Ionic Greek | φρήτρη | Bruderschaft, Geschlechtsgenossenschaft, Phratrie | *bʰrah₂tr-o/ah₂- |
| Ionic Greek | φρήτριος | zu einer Bruderschaft gehörig | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Latin | frātria | Frau des Bruders | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Gothic | broþrahans | Brüder | *bʰrah₂tr-o-ko/ah₂- |
| Gaulish | Bratronos | PN | *bʰrah₂tr-o-no/ah₂- |
| Avestan | brātar- | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Sanskrit (Atharva-Veda),Atharva-Veda | brātar- | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Gathic Avestan,Old Avestan | brātā | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Greek | φράτηρ | Mitglied einer Phratrie | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Attic,Attic Greek | φράτηρ | Mitglied einer Phratrie | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Greek | φρατρία | Bruderschaft | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Attic,Attic Greek | φρατρία | Bruderschaft | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Greek | φράτριος | zu einer Bruderschaft gehörig | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Attic,Attic Greek | φράτριος | zu einer Bruderschaft gehörig | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Old English | brōðor | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Saxon | brōđe/ar | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Prussian | brāti | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Prussian | brote | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Prussian | bratrīkai | Brüder | *bʰrah₂tr-iH-ko/ah₂- |
| Ossetic | ærvad | Bruder, Verwandter | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Phrygian | bṛạterạis | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Neo-Phrygian | βρατερε | dem Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Oscan | fratrúm | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Norse | bróðir | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Norse | bróðir | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Norse | bróður | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Norse | bróður | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Norse | brœðr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Norse | brœðr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old French | brōther | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old High German | bruoder | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Irish | bráth(a)ir | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Irish | brathar | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Irish | bráthir | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Irish | brathir | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Irish | bráthre | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Cornish | broder | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Breton | brotr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | brat(r)ъ | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | brat(r)a | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Church Slavic,Old Church Slavonic | brat(r)ьja | Brüder, Bruderschaft | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Old Persian | brātar- | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Old Persian | brātā | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| pašto | vrōr | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Venetic | vhraterei | dem Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| ? lit. | Brotỹkai | ON | *bʰrah₂tr-iH-ko/ah₂- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrā́tar- | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrā́tā | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrā́taram | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrā́tur | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrā́tre | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrā́taras | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Younger Avestan | brāta | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Younger Avestan | brātarǝm | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Younger Avestan | brāθrō | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Umbrian | frater | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Umbrian | fratru | *bʰráh₂ter- | |
| toch. A | pracar | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. A | pracri | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. A | pratri | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. A | pracre | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. A | pracres | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. B | procer | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. B | protär | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. B | protri | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. B | procera | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| toch. B | protärñts | Bruder | *bʰráh₂ter- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrā́tṛvya- | Brudersohn, Neffe; Nebenbuhler, Rivale, Feind | *bʰrah₂tr-u̯-ii̯o- |
| Younger Avestan | brātruuia- | Neffe | *bʰrah₂tr-u̯-ii̯o- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | bhrātrá- | Brüderschaft | *bʰrah₂tr-o/ah₂- |
| Younger Avestan | brāϑra- | Brüderschaft | *bʰrah₂tr-o/ah₂- |
| Younger Avestan | pouru.brāϑra- | mit zahlreicher Brüderschaft | *bʰrah₂tr-o/ah₂- |
| Sanskrit | bhrātrya- | Brüderschaft | *bʰrah₂tr-(i)i̯o/ah₂- |
| Sanskrit | bhrātṛka- | Bruder | *bʰrah₂tr̥-ko/ah₂- |
| Umbrian | fratreks | zur Bruderschaft gehörend | *bʰrah₂tr-i-ko/ah₂- |