5. u̯er-
to shut, close, cover; guard, warn, save
Reflexes - Liv
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
NYI | ||||
NYI | ?ved. (ápa, ví) ā́var ‘hat geöffnet’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. ápa vavāra ‘hat geöffnet’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [aksl. -vrěšę ‘steckten’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aksl. (+) ot-vorjǫ, -voriti ‘öffnen’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aksl. (+) -vьrǫ, (-vrěti) ‘stecken’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [aav. Konj. vāurāitē ‘wird für sich gewinnen’{4a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [lat. aperiō, -ire ‘öffnen’, operire ‘schließen’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [lit. veriù, (vérti) ‘einfädeln’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Liv
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
NYI | ||||
NYI | ?ved. Konj. várate ‘wird aufhalten’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?ved. vr̥ṇóti ‘hält auf/fern, gebietet Einhalt’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?ved. Plqpf. ávāvarit ‘hielt auf’, vavrivā́mँs- ‘hemmend’{5a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?ved. vāráyate ‘hält auf, hemmt’{6a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?aav. -uuarāni ‘will umschirmen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. ἔρυμαι ‘wehre ab, schütze, rette’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. εἴρῡμαι ‘wehre ab, schütze’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | got. (+) warjan ‘wehren’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Cross References - Pokorny
1. u̯erǵ-, u̯reǵ-3. u̯er-Reflexes - Pokorny
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
English | coverlet | bedspread | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | ambarella | tropical/equatorial fruit tree | n | AHD LRC |
English | aperient | laxative, re: gently moving bowels | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | aperitif | alcoholic drink taken as appetizer | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | aperture | hole, opening, open space | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | barbican | outer defensive work | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | cover | to guard from attack | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | garage | shelter/repair shop for automobiles | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | garment | article of clothing | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | garnish | to trim, decorate, embellish | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | garniture | trimming, embellishment | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | garret | room/unfinished part of house just under roof | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | garrison | military post | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | guaranty | undertaking to remedy another's default/miscarriage | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | operculum | lid/covering flap | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | overt | manifest, open to view | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | overture | proposal, initiative toward action/agreement | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | pert | impudent, saucily free/forward | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | warn | to give prior notice of evil/danger | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | warrant | sanction, authorization | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | warrant | to declare/maintain with certainty | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
English | warrantee | person to whom warranty is made | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | warranty | real covenant binding grantor/heirs to warrant/defend title | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | warren | place for (keeping) small game | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | weir | fence/enclosure in waterway for fishing | n | AHD W7 LRC |
Old English | warnian | to warn, take heed | vb | W7 LRC |
Old English | wer | weir, dam | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Old English | werian, werede, wered | to wear; defend, protect | vb.wk.I | LRC |
Middle English | apert | plain, open; plainly, openly | adj | MEV LRC |
Middle English | aperture | aperture | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | barbican | barbican | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | coveren | to cover | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | coverlet, coverlite | coverlet | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | garette | garret, watchtower | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | garisoun | garrison, protection | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | garment | garment | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | garnishen | to garnish | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | overt | overt | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | overture | overture, opening | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | pert | pert | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | warantie | warranty | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | warenne | warren | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | warnen | to warn | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | warrant | warrant, protector | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | warranten | to warrant | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | were | weir, dam | n | W7 LRC |
Italic | ||||
Anglo-French | coverelyth | coverlet | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Old French | aperitif | purgative, aperitif | n | AHD LRC |
Old French | apert | open(ed) | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
Old French | barbacane | barbican | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Old French | garantir | to guarantee | vb | W7 LRC |
Old French | garison | garrison, troop of guardians | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Old French | garnement | equipment | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Old French | garnesture | garniture | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Old French | garnir | to equip | vb | W7 LRC |
Old North French | warantie | warranty | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Old North French | warant(ir) | to warrant | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | aperitif | aperient, re: opening | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle French | garantie | guaranty | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Middle French | garite | garret, watchtower | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Middle French | garnement | equipment | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Middle French | garnir | to warn, equip; garnish | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | garniture | garniture | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Middle French | o(u)vert | overt, open | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle French | ouvrir | to open | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | overture | overture; orifice | n.fem | W7 LRC |
French | apéritif | aperient, aperitif | n.masc | W7 LRC |
French | couvrir | to cover | vb | W7 LRC |
French | garage | garage, covered parking | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Old Provençal | garida | garret, watchtower, protection | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Latin | aper(a)tus | opened | vb.ptc | W7 LRC |
Latin | aperiens, aperientis | opening | vb.pres.ptc | W7 LRC |
Latin | aperio, aperire | to open | vb | W7 LRC |
Latin | apertura | aperture, orifice | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Latin | cooperio, cooperīre | to open | vb | W7 LRC |
Latin | operculum | cover | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Latin | operiō, operīre | to close, cover | vb | W7 LRC |
Vulgar Latin | operiō, operīre | to open | vb | W7 LRC |
Vulgar Latin | opertura | overture; orifice | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Late Latin | apertīvus | purgative, aperitif | n | AHD LRC |
Medieval Latin | aperitivus | aperitif | n.masc | W7 LRC |
Medieval Latin | barbacana | barbican | n.fem | W7 LRC |
New Latin | operculum | covering flap of plant | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Indo-Iranian | ||||
Sanskrit | āmravāṭakaḥ | ambarella | n | AHD LRC |
Sanskrit | vāṭaḥ | enclosure | n | AHD LRC |
Old Iranian | *parivāraka- | protective | adj | AHD LRC |
Persian | barbār | guard | n | AHD LRC |
Persian | barbārkhāna | barbican | n | AHD LRC |
West Germanic | ||||
Old High German | wāra | trust, care | n | W7 LRC |
Old High German | warnōn | to warn, take heed | vb | W7 LRC |
Old High German | werēn | to warrant | vb | W7 LRC |
Old High German | werēnto | guarantor | n | W7 LRC |
Old High German | werien, werren | to defend | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle High German | wer | weir, dam | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | warnen | to warn, caution | vb | LRC |
German | Wehr | weir, dam | n.masc | ASD LRC |
German | wehren | to defend | vb | LRC |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Norse | ver | sea, fishing place | n.neut | W7 LRC |
Old Norse | verja, varði | to defend, protect | vb | LRC |
Icelandic | varna | to warn, beware | vb | ASD LRC |
Balto-Slavic | ||||
Lithuanian | varýti, vãro, vãrė | to be engaged | vb | LRC |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek | ἐρύκω | to hold back | vb | LRC |
Greek | ῥύομαι | to save | vb | LRC |