(s)tei̯g-
verb · to sting, be pointy
Attested in Germanic, Celtic, Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Graeco-Phrygian, Italic
Reconstructions in Pokorny (1959)
(s)teig-		‘to stick; sharp’
| Language | Reflex | Gloss | Grammar |
|---|---|---|---|
| East Frisian | stoltern | stolpern | |
| Middle High German | stolzen | hinken | |
| Middle High German | stülzen | hinken | |
| Middle Low German | stolt | stattlich, hochmütig | |
| Gothic | and-staldan | darreichen, bieten | |
| Gothic | ga-staldan | erwerben, besitzen | |
| Middle Irish | tolg | Stärke | |
| English | stalk | Stengel, Stiel | |
| Middle Low German | stolkeren | stolzieren | |
| Dutch | stelkeren | gerinnen | |
| Dutch | stolkeren | gerinnen | |
| English | stalk | stapfen, schleichen | |
| Middle Irish | ta(i)lc | stark | |
| Lithuanian | stel̃gti | anstarren, starr hinsehen | |
| Lithuanian | stalgùs | starr, trotzig, stolz | |
| Lithuanian | stel̃gtis | prahlen | |
| Lithuanian (Samogitian) | stìlguos | sich beeilen | |
| Lithuanian | stulgỹn | in die Höhe | |
| Middle High German | stemen | Einhalt tun | |
| Middle High German | gestüeme | sanft, still | |
| Gothic | stamms | stammelnd | |
| East Frisian | stemmen | stemmen, dämmen, hindern | |
| Middle High German | stemmen | stehen machen, steif machen; (vom Wasser) gestaut werden (Intr.) | |
| Middle English | stumren | stolpern | |
| Middle English | stum(b)len | stolpern | |
| East Frisian | stummeln | stolpern | |
| Latvian | stuomîtiês | stammeln, stolpern, stehen bleiben, sich bäumen, zaudern | |
| Latvian | stumt | stoßen | |
| Lithuanian | stumiù | stoßen, schieben | |
| Latvian | stuostīt | stoßen; stottern (Refl.) | |
| Pashto | tanā | Donner | |
| Modern Persian | tundar | Donner | |
| Greek | στένω | dröhne, ächze, jammere | |
| Ionic Greek | στείνω | dröhne, ächze, jammere | |
| Greek | στενάζω | dröhne, ächze, jammere | |
| Greek | στεναγμός | das Seufzen | |
| Greek | στενάχω | das Seufzen | |
| Greek | στόνος | das Stöhnen | |
| Greek | ἀγά-στονος | sehr stöhnend | |
| Greek | Στέντωρ | PN | |
| Lesbian | τέννει | στένει, βρύ̄χεται | |
| Latin | tonō | donnern; auch von andern lauten Schalleindrücken | |
| Latin | to-nitrū | Donner | |
| Latin | tonitrus | Donner | |
| Celtic | Tanaros | FlN | |
| Middle Low German | stenen | stöhnen | |
| Middle Low German | stönen | stöhnen | |
| Old English | styltan | verdutzt sein (*erstarren) | |
| Old English | stealdan | besitzen | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | stjelk | Stengel, Stiel | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | stelk | Stengel, Stiel | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | stalk | Stengel, Stiel | |
| Old English | stealc | hoch, steil | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | stalka | stapfen, schleichen | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | stulka | stapfen, schleichen | |
| Old English | stealcian | stapfen, schleichen | |
| Old Icelandic | stelkr | Strandkiebitz | |
| Old Lithuanian | stulginti | verlängern | |
| Old Icelandic | stamr | stammelnd; behindert, beraubt | |
| Old English | stam | stammelnd | |
| Old Icelandic | stama | stammeln | |
| Old English | stamor | stammelnd | |
| Old Icelandic | stemma | stemmen, dämmen, hindern | |
| Old Icelandic | stumra | stolpern | |
| Modern Norwegian,Norwegian | stamra | stolpern | |
| Old English | stenan | stöhnen | |
| Old Icelandic | stynja | stöhnen | |
| Old High German | hagustalt | (nur einen Hag besitzend =) Taglöhner, unverheirateter Mann, Hagestolz | |
| Old Swedish | stiælke | Stengel, Stiel | |
| Old High German | gistemōn | Einhalt tun | |
| Old High German | gistemōn | Einhalt tun | |
| Old High German | ungistuomi | ungestüm (*sich nicht beherrschend) | |
| Old High German | stamm | stammelnd | |
| Old High German | stamēn | stammeln | |
| Old High German | stam(m)al | stammelnd | |
| Old High German | stamalōn | stammeln | |
| ahd. mhd. | stolz | stattlich, hochmütig | |
| Swedish | stulta | stolpern | |
| as. afries. ahd. | stum(m) | stumm | |
| Sanskrit | stánati | donnert, dröhnt, brüllt, braust | |
| Sanskrit | stániti | donnert, dröhnt, brüllt, braust | |
| Sanskrit | stanáyati | donnert, dröhnt, brüllt, braust | |
| Sanskrit | stanayitnú- | Donner | |
| Sanskrit | tanayitnú- | dröhnend, donnernd | |
| Sanskrit | tányati | rauscht, tönt, donnert | |
| Sanskrit | tanyú- | rauschend, tosend | |
| Sanskrit | abhi-ṣṭaná- | Getöse |
Reconstructions in Wodtko et al. (2008)
(?) verb		sting, be pointing
| Language | Reflex | Gloss | Grammar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek | στίγμα | Stich, Malzeichen | *(s)tig-men- |
| Greek | διά-στίξις | Punktieren | *-(s)tig-ti- |
| Middle Welsh,Welsh | (g)wedy | nach | ? *(s)tig-u- |
| Greek | στιγμός | Stich, Brandmarke | *(s)tig-mó- |
| Greek | στιγμή | Mal, Fleck, Pünktchen | *(s)tig-máh₂- |
| Gothic | stikls | Becher, Kelch | *(s)tig-lo- |
| Greek | κατά-στικτος | punktiert, bunt gefleckt | *-(s)tig-tó- |
| Greek | στίγμων | Gebrandmarkter | *(s)tig-o-h₃n- |
| Gothic | stiks | Stich | *(s)tig-i- |
| Gaulish | Castrum T(h)igernum | ON | *(s)tig-erno- |
| Old English | stice | Stich | *(s)tig-i- |
| Old Saxon | thīstel | Distel | *(s)t(e)ig-s-t- |
| Old English | ðīstel | Distel | *(s)t(e)ig-s-t- |
| Old English | ðistel | Distel | *(s)t(e)ig-s-t- |
| Old Irish | tiug- | letzt-, End- | ? *(s)tig-u- |
| Old Welsh | guo-tig | nach | ? *(s)tig-u- |
| Old Norse | stik | Pfahl | ? *(s)tig-o- |
| Old Norse | stik | Pfahl | ? *(s)tig-o- |
| Old Norse | stika | (Brat)spieß | *(s)tig-ah₂- |
| Old Norse | stika | (Brat)spieß | *(s)tig-ah₂- |
| Old Persian | tigra- | spitz | *(s)tig-lo- |
| Old High German | stih | Stich | *(s)tig-i- |
| Old Norse | þistill | Distel | *(s)t(e)ig-s-t- |
| Old Norse | þistill | Distel | *(s)t(e)ig-s-t- |
| Old High German | distil | Distel | *(s)t(e)ig-s-t- |
| Old Irish | tigern | Herr | *(s)tig-erno- |
| Ogham Irish | TIGIRN | *(s)tig-erno- | |
| Old Welsh | Ri-tigirn | PN | *(s)tig-erno- |
| Old Breton | Ri-tiern | PN | *(s)tig-erno- |
| ? mpers. | tēz | scharf | *(s)téi̯g-(i)i̯es- |
| Younger Avestan | tiži- | schneidend, spitz, scharf | *(s)tig-i- |
| Younger Avestan | tiži-dąstra- | mit scharfem Gebiß | *(s)tig-i- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | ní-tikti- | Hast, Eile | *-(s)tig-ti- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | tikti | hastig | *-(s)tig-ti- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | téjas- | Schneide, Schärfe | *(s)téi̯g-es- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | téjīyas- | schärfer | *(s)téi̯g-(i)i̯es- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | téjiṣṭha- | sehr scharf, sehr heiß | *(s)tei̯g-isth₂o- |
| ? gr. | στίγο- | Punkt | ? *(s)tig-o- |
| Sanskrit | teja- | Schärfe | *(-)(s)toi̯g-o- |
| Younger Avestan | bi-taēγa- | zwei Schneiden habend | *(-)(s)toi̯g-o- |
| Younger Avestan | brōiθrō-taēža- | durch die Klinge scharf | *(-)(s)toi̯g-o- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | tigmá- | scharf, spitzig, heiß | *(s)tig-mó- |
| Younger Avestan | tiγra- | schneidend, spitz, scharf | *(s)tig-lo- |
| Younger Avestan | tiγri- | Pfeil | ? *(s)tig-l-i- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | ní-tikta- | angespornt, scharf gemacht | *-(s)tig-tó- |
| Vedic Sanskrit | tīṣṇá- | scharf, scharfsichtig | *(s)tig-snó- |
| n.ostfries. | dīssel | Distel | *(s)t(e)ig-s-t- |
Reconstructions in Rix et al. (2001)
(s)tei̯g- (verb)		sting, be pointy
| Language | Reflex | Gloss | Grammar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek | στίζω | steche | zero-grade i̯é-present |
| Greek | ἔστιξα | stach | s-aorist |
| Old Saxon | stekan | stechen | amphidynamic root-present |
| Old High German | stehhan | stechen | amphidynamic root-present |
| Old High German | sticken | vollstopfen | zero-grade i̯é-present |
| Old Norse | steikja | (am Spieß) rösten, braten | éi̯e-causative–iterative |
| Old Norse | steikja | (am Spieß) rösten, braten | éi̯e-causative–iterative |
| Vedic Sanskrit | téjate | ist scharf, sticht (jmdn.) | amphidynamic root-present |
| Vedic Sanskrit | práti titigdhi | sei scharf gegen! | i-reduplicated athematic present |
| Umbrian | an-stintu | soll anheften | nasal-infix present |
| Sanskrit | tejayati | schärft | éi̯e-causative–iterative |