1. tu̯er- : tur-, and tu̯r̥-
to twirl, turn
Reflexes - Liv
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYI | ||||
| NYI | [gr. ὀ-τρῡ́νω ‘treibe an, fordere auf’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ved. (KS) tvárate ‘eilt’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | ae. ðweran ‘rühren’, ahd. dweran ‘aufrühren, aufwühlen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
| NYI | an. þyrja ‘schnell fahren, sausen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Reflexes - Pokorny
| Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English | Stormcrow | epithet for Gandalf in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | prop.n | LRC |
| English | disturb | to interrupt, interfere with | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | perturb | to disquiet, disturb greatly in mind | vb.trans | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | stir | to cause movement/change in position | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | storm | atmospheric disturbance attended by wind/rain/hail/sleet/snow etc. | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | storm | to blow/rain/hail/sleet/snow with violence | vb | W7 LRC |
| English | trouble | to disturb, worry, agitate mentally/spiritually | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | turbid | thick/opaque with roiled sediment | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | turbine | rotary engine actuated by fluid impulse/reaction | n | AHD W7 LRC |
| English | twirl | to spin, revolve rapidly | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old English | storm | storm, tempest; attack | n.masc | LRC |
| Old English | styrian | to stir | vb.wk | W7 ASD LRC |
| Old English | þrymm | host; power; glory, renown | n.masc | LRC |
| Middle English | destourben | to disturb | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | disturben | to disturb | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | perturben | to perturb | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | stiren | to stir | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | storm | storm | n | W7 LRC |
| Middle English | troublen | to trouble | vb | W7 LRC |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch | storm | storm | n | TLL LRC |
| Old Saxon | heru-thrummi | violence | n | ASD LRC |
| Old Saxon | storm | storm; attack, tumult | n | ASD LRC |
| Old High German | dweran | to stir | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old High German | sturm | storm; attack | n | W7 ASD LRC |
| Middle High German | stürn | to incite | vb | W7 LRC |
| German | Sturm | storm | n.masc | LRC |
| German | stürmen | to storm | vb | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse | þruma, þrumað | to hover, stand motionless; remain silent | vb | LRC |
| Old Norse | þurs | giant | n.masc | LRC |
| Icelandic | stormr | storm, tempest; tumult, uproar | n | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | styrr | stir, tumult, disturbance | n | ASD LRC |
| Icelandic | þrymr | noise, alarm, battle | n.masc | ASD LRC |
| Norwegian | tvirla | to twirl | vb | W7 LRC |
| Danish | storm | storm | n | TLL LRC |
| Swedish | storm | storm | n | TLL LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin | disturbo, disturbāre | to bother, throw into disorder | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | perturbo, perturbare | to perturb, throw into confusion | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | turba | crowd, confusion | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Latin | turbido, turbidāre | to trouble | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | turbidus | turbid, confused | adj | W7 LRC |
| Latin | turbō, turbāre | to disturb | vb | W7 LRC |
| Latin | turbō, turbinis | top, whirlwind; that which whirls | n.masc | W7 LRC |
| Vulgar Latin | turbulo, turbulāre | to trouble | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old French | destourber | to disturb, bother | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old French | tourbler | to trouble | vb | W7 LRC |
| Old French | troubler | to trouble | vb | W7 LRC |
| Middle French | perturber | to perturb, disturb | vb | W7 LRC |
| French | turbine | turbine | n.fem | W7 LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek | τύρβη | tumult, disorder, confusion | n.fem | LS LRC |