Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
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NYI |
NYI | aav. cōišt, 2p cəuuištā = jav. coišta2 ‘jmdm. etw. bestimmen, zuweisen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aav. cinas, cišmahi, jav. cinahmi, cinasti, cišmaide ‘bestimmen, zuweisen’{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. Med. 3d fra-caēšaētəm Yt. 8,38 ‘bereiteten’{11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | air. Präs. Pass. :ac-castar ‘wird gesehen’{4}, [Akt. ad:cí ‘sieht’{5}, ?[gall. Ipv. -ppisetu ‘soll sehen’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | air. :ac-cae ‘sah’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gall. Fut. pissíium’ ‘werde sehen’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | air. Fut. ad:cichestar ‘wird gesehen werden’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
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NYI |
NYI | ved. 2p Med. ácidhvam ‘habt beschlossen’{2}, Ptz. cítāna- ‘in Erscheinung tretend’{2a}, [3s acait ‘hat erkannt’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [ved. (Br.) cintayati ‘denkt nach’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. cikāta ‘beachtet; kennt, versteht’, Ptz. cikitvā́mँs- ‘verständig’{8a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. cetáyati ‘läßt jmdn./etw. erkennen, zeigt’, cetáyate ‘zeigt sich, erscheint; nimmt wahr’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. cākite ‘wird immer wieder erkannt’{11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. cíkitsat ‘hat es auf etw. abgesehen, trifft Vorsorge’{12} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. cātati ‘erkennt, hat Acht auf etw.’{14} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aav. acistā, cistā ‘hat erkannt, ist auf die Idee gekommen’, Konj. cōiθat̰{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aav. fra-cinas Y. 32,5 ‘erkennt’{7}, jav. Konj. 1p cinaθāmaide Vr. 12,4 ‘werden erkennen’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. +cikaēθā° Yt. 1,26 ‘kenne, verstehe’, Ptz. cikiθβāh- ‘wissend’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?[lett. Prät. šķitu ‘meinte’, unpers. ‘schien’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [lit. skaitaũ, -àti ‘sammeln, zählen, (vor-)lesen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | lett. šķìetu, (šķist) ‘meinen’, unpers. ‘scheinen’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aksl. čisъ ‘zählte, las (Schrift); ehrte’{13} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | aksl. čьtǫ, (čisti) ‘zählen, lesen (Schrift); ehren’{15} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
---|
NYI |
NYI | [ved. cā́yati ‘nimmt wahr, bemerkt, beachtet’, ápa-cāyati ‘beachtet, respektiert, ehrt’, Med. (RV) cā́yamāna- ‘sich betrachtend als’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. n’ cikāya ‘nimmt wahr’, Plqpf. áciket{7} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ved. ní cikiṣate ‘erforscht’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. Präs. *τή-e- ‘hüten’{4} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. hom. τετῑμένος ‘geehrt’ | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. hom. Perf. τετίημαι ‘bin betrübt, bekümmert’, Ptz. τετιηώς, τετιημένος{11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | {12}## gr. τίω ‘ehre, schätze hoch’{13} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. τῖσαι ‘ehren’{14} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [aksl. čajǫ, (cajati) ‘erwarten, hoffen’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | russ. káju, (kájat') ‘vermahnen, tadeln’, aksl. kajǫ sę, (kajati sę) ‘Buße tun, Reue empfinden’{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
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NYI |
NYI | ved. cáyate ‘straft, treibt (Buße, Schuld) ein’{2} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | lyk. A ttiti, B kikiti ‘läßt zahlen, legt als Buße fest’{2a} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [jav. Konj. cikaiiat̰, cikaiiən ‘soll, sollen büßen’{3} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. Opt. pairi.ā-kaiiaiiaṇta ‘sie mögen sich büßen lassen’{9} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | jav. aiβi.cicišəmna- ‘für sich abbüßen wollend’(?){11} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | [gr. τίνω (ion. ῑ, att. ĭ) ‘bezahle, entrichte, büße’, Med. τίνομαι ‘lasse mir bezahlen, lasse büßen, bestrafe, räche (mich an)’, [hom. ion. kret. τείνυμαι ‘id.’{5} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. myk. Ptz. Med. qe-ja-me-no7, gr. ἔτεισα, -άμην, äol. πεῖσαι{8} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. Fut. τείσω ‘werde bezahlen, büßen’, τείσομαι ‘werde büßen lassen, werde (mich) rächen’{10} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | gr. ark. (4. Jh. v. Chr.) ἀπυ-τειέτω ‘er bezahle’{12} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
NYI | ?kelt. *kʷinu- ‘büßen’ oder ‘strafen’{6} | NYI | .. | LIV TOL |
Language | Reflex(es) | Gloss | Grammar | Sources |
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Celtic |
Middle Irish | cin | fault, liability | n | RPN LRC |
English |
Old English | *pīn | pine, anguish, punishment | n.fem | W7 ASD LRC |
Old English | pīnian | to pine, torture | vb.wk | W7 ASD LRC |
Middle English | pain | pain | n | W7 LRC |
Middle English | penal | penal | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle English | pinen | to pine | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | punisshen | to punish | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle English | suppena | subpoena | n | W7 LRC |
English | impunity | freedom/exemption from loss/harm/punishment | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | pain | punishment | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | penal | re: penalty/punishment/punitive institution | adj | AHD W7 LRC |
English | penalty | punishment for crime/offense | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | penance | compensation for ill deed(s) | n | TLL LRC |
English | penitence | remorse | n | TLL LRC |
English | penology | criminology branch dealing with prison management/treatment of offenders | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | pine | torture, torment, suffering | n.obs | OED LRC |
English | pine | to torment, afflict with pain/suffering | vb.obs | OED LRC |
English | punish | to impose penalty for fault/offense/violation | vb | AHD W7 LRC |
English | punitive | punishing, re: punishment | adj | AHD LRC |
English | punitory | inflicting punishment | adj | AHD LRC |
English | repine | to fret, complain, feel/express discontent | vb | AHD LRC |
English | subpoena | writ commanding attendance at court | n | AHD W7 LRC |
English | timocracy | government based on wealth/love of honor | n | AHD W7 LRC |
West Germanic |
Dutch | pijn | pain | n | LRC |
North Germanic |
Danish | pine | pine; to pine, torture | n | LRC |
Swedish | pina | pain | n | LRC |
Italic |
Latin | impūne | without punishment | adv | W7 LRC |
Latin | impūnitas, impūnitatis | impunity, lit. no punishment | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Latin | paenitentia | penitence, repentance | n | ELD LRC |
Latin | poena, poenae | pain, penalty, punishment | n.fem | LRC |
Latin | poenalis | penal | adj | W7 LRC |
Latin | pūnio, pūnīre | to punish | vb | W7 LRC |
Medieval Latin | poenalitas | penalty | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Medieval Latin | timocratia | timocracy | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Old French | peine | payment, penalty | n | W7 LRC |
Middle French | impunité | impunity | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Middle French | pénal | penal, of penalty | adj | W7 LRC |
Middle French | punir, puniss- | to punish | vb | W7 LRC |
Middle French | tymocracie | timocracy, rule of the wealthy | n.fem | W7 LRC |
French | punir | to punish | vb | TLL LRC |
Balto-Slavic |
Lithuanian | káina | cost, price | n | RPN LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | pokazati, pokazajǫ, pokazaješi | to show, instruct, correct, chasten | vb | LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | cěna | reward | n | RPN LRC |
Old Church Slavonic | čьstь | rank, honor, reverence; feast, device, pattern | n.fem | LRC |
Paleo-Balkan |
Albanian | kohë | time | n | IEW LRC |
Hellenic |
Greek | ἀτιμάζω | to dishonor | vb | LRC |
Greek | pitys | pine | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | ποινή | retribution, penalty | n | RPN LRC |
Greek | timē | price, value, honor | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | timokratia | timocracy | n.fem | W7 LRC |
Greek | τίνω | to atone for, pay the price | vb | RPN LRC |
Indo-Iranian |
Avestan | čikayat̰ | to atone for | vb | RPN LRC |
Avestan | kaēnā | punishment, revenge | n | RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | cáyate | to avenge, punish | vb | RPN LRC |
Sanskrit | citi-ḥ | retaliation | n | RPN LRC |